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. 2022 Jun 1;13:3051. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30314-7

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© This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

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Fig. 6 — The insertion of a LINE transposon represents an important event in the transition from G. soja to G. max during soybean domestication. Following the TE insertion, the progeny from plants containing POWR1_+TE expands due to selection for bigger seeds by ancient farmers. Selection for larger seeds results in complete fixation of POWR1_+TE in all G. max accessions, which contributes to shaping cultivated soybean with increased oil but reduced protein content in seeds in comparison with G. soja accessions due to the pleiotropy of POWR1 on the seed traits. Transfer of POWR1 alleles between G. max and G. soja also occurs after domestication, which result in the G. max accessions containing POWR1_−TE and one G. soja accessions containing POWR1_+TE. The transfer of POWR1_−TE of G. soja to G. max is likely driven by local needs for high-protein soybeans in East Asia. The one G. soja accession with TE insertion likely originated from a hybridization event between G. max and G. soja as previously reported for semi-wild soybean genotypes⁴¹.