Table 2.

The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of the two groups

Outcomes	PC group (n = 193)	T-tube group (n = 62)	P value
Operation time (min)	121.12 ± 18.24	143.37 ± 22.68	0.000
Intraoperative bleeding (mL)	45.65 ± 30.31	38.97 ± 17.75	0.101
Morbidity (n, %)	20 (10.36)	10 (15.87)	0.220
Bile leakage (n, %)	5 (2.59)	3 (4.84)	0.407
Postoperative bleeding (n, %)	3 (1.55)	2 (3.23)	0.598
T-tube-related complication (n, %)	0	7 (11.29)	0.000
Electrolyte disturbances (n, %)	0	3 (3.84)
Drain site pain (n, %)	0	3 (3.84)
Biliary retrograde infection (n, %)	0	1 (1.61)
Biliary peritonitis (n, %)	0	2 (3.23)
Pneumonia (n, %)	7	2	1.000
Other (n, %)	7	2	1.000
Retained CBD stones (n, %)	4 (2.07)	3 (4.84)	0.366
Readmission within 30 days (n, %)	2 (1.04)	2 (3.23)	0.249
Mortality (n, %)	0	0	–
Drain removal (days)	4.53 ± 1.16	4.78 ± 1.35	0.165
Postoperative hospital stay (days)	6.59 ± 1.34	8.81 ± 1.85	0.000
Hospital expenses ($)	4844.47 ± 610.44	5717.22 ± 715.25	0.000

CBD common bile duct