Table 3.
Postoperative complications and management
| DC classificationaa | Patients | Complications | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 4 | Bile leakage | Conservative |
| II | 9 | Pulmonary infection | Intravenous antibiotics |
| 3 | Bile leakage | Intravenous antibiotics | |
| 5 | Postoperative bleeding | Hemostatic drugs | |
| IIIa | 1 | Bile leakage | Ultrasound-guided drainage |
| 3 | Retained CBD stone | Postoperative choledochoscopy | |
| IIIb | 4 | Retained CBD stone | Postoperative ERCP |
| IV | 0 | – | – |
DC Dindo–Clavien, CBD common bile duct, ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
aClavien classification: Grade I: any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions. Grade II: requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for Grade I complications. Grade III: requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological interventions; IIIa, intervention not under general anaesthesia; IIIb, intervention under general anaesthesia. Grade IV: life-threatening complications requiring intensive care unit management