TABLE 5.
Plasma (poly)phenol metabolites at baseline and follow-up visits in μmol/L.
| Metabolite | Group | Baseline (μ mol/L) |
Baseline difference |
Follow-up (μ mol/L) |
Group × Time |
||
| M | SD | p | M | SD | p | ||
| Kaempferol-3-glucuronide (Flavonols) | Cranberry | 0.017 | 0.018 | 0.026 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 0.274 |
| Placebo | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.028 | 0.022 | |||
| 4-Methylcatechol-sulphate (Catechols) | Cranberry | 0.033 | 0.016 | 0.617 | 0.042 | 0.015 | 0.003 |
| Placebo | 0.032 | 0.012 | 0.024 | 0.010 | |||
| 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (Benzaldehydes) | Cranberry | 0.013 | 0.006 | 0.609 | 0.019 | 0.013 | 0.307 |
| Placebo | 0.013 | 0.006 | 0.018 | 0.009 | |||
| Hippuric acid | Cranberry | 2.82 | 1.58 | 0.892 | 4.29 | 1.94 | 0.002 |
| Placebo | 2.76 | 1.12 | 2.53 | 1.78 | |||
| 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid | Cranberry | 0.039 | 0.020 | 0.540 | 0.043 | 0.025 | 0.508 |
| Placebo | 0.043 | 0.023 | 0.041 | 0.025 | |||
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | Cranberry | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.056 | 0.027 | 0.012 | 0.358 |
| Placebo | 0.032 | 0.079 | 0.038 | 0.054 | |||
| Benzoic acid-4-sulphate | Cranberry | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.107 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.192 |
| Placebo | 0.015 | 0.009 | 0.014 | 0.009 | |||
| Benzoic acid-3-sulphate | Cranberry | 0.026 | 0.038 | 0.609 | 0.020 | 0.021 | 0.588 |
| Placebo | 0.015 | 0.014 | 0.012 | 0.011 | |||
| Caffeic acid (3′,4′-Dihydroxycinnamic acid) | Cranberry | 0.021 | 0.012 | 0.856 | 0.032 | 0.014 | 0.005 |
| Placebo | 0.020 | 0.008 | 0.019 | 0.013 | |||
| Ferulic acid-4-glucuronide | Cranberry | 0.018 | 0.020 | 0.927 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.061 |
| Placebo | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.010 | |||
| 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (Phenylacetic acids) | Cranberry | 0.078 | 0.041 | 0.496 | 0.087 | 0.042 | 0.811 |
| Placebo | 0.068 | 0.033 | 0.074 | 0.028 | |||
| 3-(3′-Hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Phenylpropanoic acids) | Cranberry | 0.051 | 0.043 | 0.115 | 0.039 | 0.036 | 0.166 |
| Placebo | 0.077 | 0.054 | 0.041 | 0.049 | |||
| 5-(Phenyl)-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-glucuronide (3′,4′) (Phenyl-γ-valerolactones) | Cranberry | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.751 | 0.017 | 0.010 | 0.190 |
| Placebo | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.013 | 0.008 | |||
| Total metabolites | Cranberry | 3.18 | 1.68 | 0.820 | 4.69 | 2.01 | 0.002 |
| Placebo | 3.14 | 1.20 | 2.87 | 0.321 | |||
Significance of baseline group differences was determined by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U independent samples tests, and main effects of time within group between baseline and follow-up along with interactions between group and time was determined using linear mixed modelling. Significant values p < 0.05 are in bold.