Dendritic cells from dermis and spleen contributed to estrogen promoted psoriasis. (A) Immunohistochemistry staining of CD11c+ cells in dermis (arrows mark representative cells) from female and male mice without or with mannan application (n = 5/group). Effect of (B) endogenous estrogen, (C) 17-β-estradiol, (D) PHTPP and DPN on CD11c+ cells in the dermis under normal or inflammatory conditions (n = 5/group). Scale bar: 50 µm. (E) Presence of MHCII+CD11c+ cells in the spleen from female and male mice (n = 5/group). Effect of (F) endogenous estrogen, (G) 17-β-estradiol, (H) ER-β antagonist or agonist on MHCII+CD11c+ cells (n = 5/group). Each experiment was repeated twice. Man, mannan; NM, Naive Male; MM, Man + Male; NF, Naive Female; MF, Man + Female; PO, PBS + OVX; MO, Man + OVX; PS, PBS + Sham; MS, Man + Sham; Mig, miglyol; E2, 17-β-estradiol; Oil (P), E2 + Corn oil + Man; PHTPP, E2 + PHTPP +Man; Oil (D), Corn oil + Man; DPN, DPN + Man. Statistical analyses were performed using an unpaired t test and n indicates number of mice used in each group. The data represent mean ± SEM. ns, not significant. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.