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. 2022 Jun 1;12:9099. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-13052-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Normalization and gene filtering of the microarray data. (A) Box plot gene expression distribution in each patient and data normalization of microarray samples. For each microarray sample, blue box plot (CEL) shows microarray gene expression distribution before normalization, and red box plot (CHP) represents gene expression distibution after normalization. (B) The scatter plot of DEGs (differentially expressed genes). It shows varience of the average gene expression in normal versus tumor patients. (C) Volcano plot of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between gastric adenocarcinoma samples versus paired normal tissue. It shows signficant gene expression based on ther p-value and fold change. Note: In (B) and (C), red and green dots show upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Besides, gray nodes are the DEGS whose fold change is below the determined limit in the study.