Fig. 1. Illustration of the unified framework for 2D and 3D optical transfer functions and experimental demonstrations of 3D imaginary part recovery taking an example of unstained MCF-7 cells.
a Object ϕs is illuminated by the plane waves from different directions, and the total field U(r) results from the interference between the scattered field Us(r) and the unperturbed fields Uin(r). b, c Supports of frequency spectrum for the cases of 2D imaging and 3D imaging under angle-varied illuminations, and the full spectrum coverage for the complex amplitude of the 2D sample and the scattering potential of the 3D sample. d, e 2D and 3D phase transfer functions of system under different illumination conditions and experimental captured 2D and 3D frequency spectrum cuts. f Phase (imaginary) component of the 3D complex function is recovered from the 3D logarithm intensity stack (real part) via space-domain Kramers-Kronig relations. Scale bars: 10 µm.