Table 2.
Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality among patients with stress-related disorders, compared to their matched unexposed individuals or unaffected full siblings, during or beyond the first year of follow-up.
| Model information | Population-based matched cohort |
Sibling cohort |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of deaths (mortalitya) in exposed/unexposed individuals | HR (95% CI) | No. of deaths (mortalitya) in exposed/unexposed individuals | HR (95% CI) | |
| ≤1 year of follow-up | ||||
| Model 1: adjusted for birth year, sex | 2,023 (10.74)/3,305 (1.75) |
6.22 (5.88-6.57) | 1,123 (9.72)/492 (2.38) |
4.83 (4.28-5.44) |
| Model 2: Model 1 + educational level, yearly family income level, marital status | 4.61 (4.21-5.05) | 3.84 (3.17-4.65) | ||
| Model 3: Model 2 + Charlson comorbidity index | 4.15 (3.75-4.58) | 3.81 (3.07-4.72) | ||
| Model 4: Model 3 + history of other psychiatric disorders | 3.19 (2.87-3.54) | 3.21 (2.56-4.02) | ||
| Subtypes of stress-related disordersb | ||||
| PTSD | 83 (5.74)/196 (1.36) | 2.78 (1.68-4.61) | 46 (5.51)/24 (1.64) | 5.21 (0.34-80.36) |
| Acute stress reaction | 1,040 (12.81)/1,539 (1.89) | 3.53 (3.06-4.10) | 589 (11.85)/225 (2.52) | 3.52 (2.57-4.83) |
| Adjustment disorder and other stress reactions | 900 (9.71)/1,570 (1.69) | 2.90 (2.48-3.40) | 488 (8.49)/243 (2.37) | 2.93 (2.09-4.13) |
| >1 year of follow-up | ||||
| Model 1: adjusted for birth year, sex | 11,789 (7.58)/50,835 (3.20) |
2.54 (2.49-2.59) | 6,672 (6.90)/8,229 (4.42) |
2.07 (1.99-2.15) |
| Model 2: Model 1 + educational level, yearly family income level, marital status | 2.20 (2.16-2.25) | 1.90 (1.83-1.98) | ||
| Model 3: Model 2 + Charlson comorbidity index | 2.05 (2.00-2.09) | 1.82 (1.75-1.90) | ||
| Model 4: Model 3 + history of other psychiatric disorders | 1.64 (1.60-1.67) | 1.61 (1.54-1.68) | ||
| Subtypes of stress-related disordersb | ||||
| PTSD | 633 (6.69)/2,567 (2.68) | 1.63 (1.48-1.81) | 353 (6.12)/463 (4.27) | 1.45 (1.21-1.75) |
| Acute stress reaction | 5,119 (7.84)/20,952 (3.15) | 1.67 (1.62-1.74) | 2,947 (7.28)/3,506 (4.49) | 1.64 (1.54-1.75) |
| Adjustment disorder and other stress reactions | 6,037 (7.47)/27,316 (3.31) | 1.61 (1.56-1.66) | 3,372 (6.68)/4,260 (4.38) | 1.61 (1.52-1.70) |
a
Per 1,000 person-years, unadjusted.
b
HRs were derived from fully adjusted models (i.e., Model 4).