TABLE 1.
Characteristics of 11 included studies.
| Author (Year) | Study Design | Site | Intervention | Co-interventions | No. of Participants(Treatment/Control) | Mean Age (Year) (Treatment/Control) | BMD T- score (Treatment/Control) | Duration | Reported Outcomes | Risk of Bias | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| McClung et al. (2009a) | RCT | United States | zoledronic acid 2x5 mg vs. placebo | 500-mg to 1,200-mg elemental calcium and vitamin D 400–800 international units daily | 198/202 | 59.9 ± 8.0 | 60.5 ± 8.0 | 1.67 ± 0.42 | 1.71 ± 0.46 | 2 year | BMD, bone markers,adverse event | Low risk |
| Grey et al. (2012) | RCT | New Zealand | iv. zoledronate 5 mg vs placebo | — | 20/21 | 62 (8) | 67 (8) | −1.0 (0.8) | −1.2 (0.7) | 5 year | BMD, bone markers, adverse event | Low risk |
| Grey et al. (2017) | RCT | New Zealand | iv.zoledronate 5 mg vs. placebo | — | 41/34 | 66 ± 8 | 63 ± 8 | –1.1 ± 1.0 | –1.4 ± 0.8 | 5 year | BMD, bone markers | Low risk |
| Reid et al. (2018) | RCT | New Zealand | iv.zoledronate 5 mg/18 months vs. control | 1.25 mg cholecalciferol/month required, 1g calcium advised | 1000/1000 | 71±5.0 | 71±5.1 | −1.27±0.59 | −1.24±0.60 | 6 year | BMD, fracture, bone markers, adverse event | Low risk |
| Yen et al. (2000) | RCT | China | oral alendronate 10 mg/d vs placebo | 500 mg calcium daily | 24/22 | 59 ± 4.7 | 60.3 ± 6.5 | 0.72 ± 0.08 | 0.721 ± 0.08 | 1 year | BMD, adverse event | Unclear risk |
| Quandt et al. (2005) | RCT | United States | alendronate 5 mg/d for 2 years and 10mg/d for another 2.5 years vs placebo | 500 mg elemental calcium and 250IU cholecalciferol daily | 1878/1859 | 67.6 | 67.8 | -2.5<T<−1.6 | -2.5<T<−1.6 | 4.5 year | fracture | Unclear risk |
| Zhou et al. (2020) | RCT | China | oral alendronate 70 mg/week vs. control | 600 mg/d of calcium carbonate and 0.5 μg/d of alfacalcidol | 62/61 | 83.16 ± 3.09 | 83.92 ± 2.85 | −2.5<T<−1 | -2.5<T<−1 | 18 months | BMD, fracture, bone markers, adverse event | High risk |
| Valimaki et al. (2007) | RCT | Finland | risedronate 5 mg/d vs placebo | 1000 mg of elemental calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D daily | 114/56 | 66.1 (6.8) | 65.4 (6.8) | −1.81 (0.41) | -1.84 (0.44) | 2 year | BMD, adverse event | Unclear risk |
| Sestak et al. (2019) | RCT | United Kingdom | oral risedronate 35 mg/week vs. placebo | vitamin D and calcium (advised, but not required) | 59/74 | 60.8 (7.67) | 59.7 (12.5) | −2.5<T<−1 | -2.5<T<−1 | 5 year | BMD, adverse event | Lo w risk |
| McClung et al. (2004) | RCT | United States | oral ibandronate 2.5 mg/d vs placebo | calcium (500 mg daily) | 106/102 | 58.2 ± 8.6 | 57.9 ± 8.6 | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.92 ± 0.05 | 2 year | BMD | Unclear risk |
| McClung et al. (2009b) | RCT | United States | oral ibandronate 150 mg/month vs placebo | calcium (500 mg/day) and vitamin D (400 IU/day) | 77/83 | 53.7 ± 3.6 | 53.4 ± 3.8 | −1.6 ± 0.4 | −1.6 ± 0.4 | 1 year | BMD, adverse event | Unclear risk |