Table 3.
Incidence of cardiometabolic comorbidities among children and adolescents with obesity assessed between 2008 and 2017 in Hangzhou (Zhejiang Province, China).
| All ages | Aged <10 years | Aged ≥10 years | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Boys | Girls | All | Boys | Girls | All | Boys | Girls | |
| N | 2,916 | 1,954 | 962 | 1,132 | 623 | 509 | 1,784 | 1,331 | 453 |
| IFG | 722 (24.8%) |
481 (24.7%) |
241 (25.1%) |
275 (24.4%) |
154 (24.9%) |
121 (23.8%) |
447 (25.1%) |
327 (24.6%) |
120 (26.5%) |
| IGT | 432 (14.9%) |
282 (14.5%) |
150 (15.6%) |
137 (12.2%) |
82 (13.2%) |
55 (10.8%) |
295 (16.6%) |
200 (15.1%) |
95 (21.0%)** |
| Abnormal glycaemia | 996 (34.3%) |
655 (33.6%) |
341 (35.5%) |
361 (32.0%) |
205 (33.1%) |
156 (30.7%) |
635 (35.7%) |
450 (33.9%) |
185 (40.8%)** |
| Type 2 diabetes | 85 (2.9%) |
50 (2.6%) |
35 (3.6%) |
10 (0.9%) |
5 (0.8%) |
5 (1.0%) |
75 (4.2%) |
45 (3.4%) |
30 (6.6%)** |
| Hypertension | 968 (33.3%) |
660 (33.9%) |
308 (32.0%) |
402 (35.6%) |
240 (38.6%) |
162 (31.9%)* |
566 (31.8%) |
420 (31.6%) |
147 (32.2%) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 1,058 (36.7%) |
684 (35.2%) |
374 (39.6%)* |
348 (31.1%) |
184 (29.7%) |
164 (32.7%) |
710 (40.2%) |
500 (37.8%) |
210 (47.3%)*** |
| Hyperuricaemia | 391 (13.7%) |
313 (16.2%) |
78 (8.3%)**** |
56 (5.1%) |
32 (5.2%) |
24 (4.9%) |
335 (19.1%) |
281 (21.4%) |
54 (12.2%)**** |
| Acanthosis nigricans | 1,980 (69.3%) |
1,378 (71.9%) |
602 (64.0%)**** |
673 (60.9%) |
412 (67.5%) |
261 (52.7%)**** |
1,307 (74.6%) |
966 (73.9%) |
341 (76.5%) |
| Abnormal liver function | 1,733 (60.4%) |
1,292 (66.9%) |
441 (47.0%)**** |
551 (49.7%) |
358 (58.3%) |
193 (39.1%)**** |
1,182 (67.1%) |
934 (70.9%) |
248 (55.9%)**** |
| NAFLD | 1,678 (57.6%) |
1,245 (63.8%) |
433 (45.1%)**** |
477 (42.2%) |
313 (50.3%) |
164 (32.3%)**** |
1,201 (67.4%) |
932 (70.2%) |
269 (59.4%)**** |
| Metabolic syndrome | – | – | – | – | – | – | 716 (40.1%) |
515 (38.7%) |
201 (44.4%)* |
| Central obesity1 | 2,736 (99.2%) |
1,853 (99.6%) |
883 (98.5%) |
962 (98.9%) |
528 (99.6%) |
434 (98.0%) |
1,774 (99.4%) |
1,325 (99.5%) |
449 (99.1%) |
IFG, Impaired fasting glucose; IGT, Impaired glucose tolerance; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
1Central obesity as per Chinese standards is not diagnosed in children aged less than 6 years (21); therefore, 93 boys and 56 girls were excluded from the calculation of these rates.
Data are n (%).
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001 for comparisons in incidence of a given comorbidity within a particular group.