Table 5.

Cardiometabolic parameters among Chinese boys with obesity assessed between 2008 and 2017 in Hangzhou (Zhejiang Province, China).

Boys		Aged <10 years			Aged ≥10 years
		2008–2012	2013–2017	p-Value	2008–2012	2013–2017	p-Value
n		298	325		600	731
Age		7.9 ± 1.7	8.0 ± 1.7	0.36	11.9 ± 1.4	12.1 ± 1.4	0.15
Anthropometry	Height SDS	1.38 ± 1.16	1.44 ± 1.13	0.51	0.85 ± 1.19	0.95 ± 1.17	0.031
	BMI SDS	3.90 ± 1.05	3.92 ± 1.02	0.17	2.88 ± 0.44	2.90 ± 0.44	0.17
	Waist-to-height ratio	0.624 ± 0.059	0.627 ± 0.059	0.33	0.604 ± 0.048	0.609 ± 0.053	0.042
Blood pressure	Systolic (mmHg)	112.4 ± 12.7	118.8 ± 11.9	<0.0001	119.6 ± 14.7	124.5 ± 13.3	<0.0001
	Diastolic (mmHg)	67.4 ± 8.2	69.9 ± 9.1	<0.001	69.3 ± 8.6	71.7 ± 10.0	<0.0001
Glucose metabolism	Matsuda index	75.9 (62.2, 92.8)	60.9 (56.3, 66.0)	0.036	49.4 (43.8, 55.7)	41.7 (39.6, 43.4)	0.005
	HbA1c (%)	5.85 ± 0.57	5.76 ± 0.71	0.08	5.85 ± 0.54	5.82 ± 0.63	0.43
	Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.21 ± 0.53	5.41 ± 0.38	<0.0001	5.25 ± 0.61	5.38 ± 0.45	<0.0001
	Fasting insulin (μIU/ml)	10.7 (9.7, 11.9)	12.0 (10.9, 13.2)	0.11	15.8 (14.9, 16.9)	18.1 (17.1, 19.2)	0.002
Lipid profile	Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.28 ± 0.73	4.33 ± 0.81	0.47	4.41 ± 0.82	4.34 ± 0.90	0.16
	Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.15 (1.10, 1.21)	1.08 (1.03, 1.14)	0.08	1.25 (1.21, 1.30)	1.26 (1.22, 1.30)	0.87
	LDL (mmol/L)	2.32 ± 0.54	2.68 ± 0.61	<0.0001	2.51 ± 0.66	2.74 ± 0.68	<0.0001
	HDL (mmol/L)	1.23 ± 0.28	1.32 ± 0.26	<0.0001	1.23 ± 0.31	1.25 ± 0.26	0.11
	Total cholesterol/HDL	3.62 ± 0.94	3.36 ± 0.80	<0.0001	3.80 ± 1.17	3.59 ± 1.02	<0.0001
Inflammatory marker	Uric acid (μmol/ml)	3.89 ± 0.93	3.97 ± 0.86	0.31	4.57 ± 1.13	4.68 ± 1.12	0.17

For Matsuda index, fasting insulin, and triglycerides the back-transformed data are reported as means and respective 95% CIs; all other data are means ± SDs. Statistically significant p-values (<0.05) are shown in bold.

BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SDS, SD score.