Table 3.
A multivariable multilevel analysis of Individual and community level factors associated with knowledge of fertile period among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, 2016 (N = 15,683).
| Variables | Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Age | – | – | ||
| 15–19 | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| 20–24 | – | 1.52 (1.16, 1.98)* | – | 1.51 (1.15, 1.97)* |
| 25–29 | – | 1.66 (1.27, 2.16)* | – | 1.63 (1.25, 2.13)* |
| 30–34 | – | 1.94 (1.48, 2.56)* | – | 1.91 (1.45, 2.52)* |
| 35–39 | – | 1.55 (1.16, 2.10)* | – | 1.51 (1.14, 2.01)* |
| 40–44 | – | 1.78 (1.32, 2.40)* | – | 1.74 (1.27, 2.35)* |
| 45–49 | – | 1.58 (1.14, 2.19)* | – | 1.55 (1.11, 2.15)* |
| Religion | – | – | ||
| Orthodox | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Catholic | – | 1.09 (0.53, 2.23) | – | 1.05 (0.51, 2.15) |
| Protestant | – | 0.85 | – | 0.81 (0.65, 0.99)* |
| Muslim | – | 1.03 (0.88, 1.22) | – | 0.99 (0.83, 1.18) |
| Traditional | – | 0.71 (0.29, 1.78) | – | 0.69 (0.28, 1.70) |
| Other | – | 0.64 (0.27, 1.52) | – | 0.59 (0.25, 1.41) |
| Respondent education | ||||
| No formal education | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Primary | – | 1.36 (1.17, 1.59)* | – | 1.35 (1.16, 1.57)* |
| Secondary | – | 2.04 (1.63, 2.57)* | – | 2.03 (1.61, 2.55)* |
| Higher | – | 2.67 (2.00, 3.60)* | – | 2.61 (1.94, 3.53)* |
| Partner's education | ||||
| No formal education | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Primary | – | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) | – | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| Secondary | – | 1.13 (0.92, 1.40) | – | 1.11 (0.90, 1.37) |
| Higher | – | 1.39 (1.10, 1.76)* | – | 1.36 (1.10, 1.73)* |
| Don't know | – | 1.06 (0.59, 1.89) | – | 1.05 (0.58, 1.87) |
| Currently working | ||||
| No | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | – | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | – | 1.04 (0.92, 1.18) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Poorer | – | 1.37 (1.11, 1.68)* | – | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65)* |
| Middle | – | 1.34 (1.08, 1.66)* | – | 1.29 (1.03, 1.61)* |
| Richer | – | 1.51 (1.20, 1.89)* | – | 1.41 (1.11, 1.78)* |
| Richest | – | 2.02 (1.59, 2.57)* | – | 1.62 (1.20, 2.17)* |
| Heard of FP | ||||
| No | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | – | 1.32 (1.13, 1.53)* | – | 1.30 (1.12, 1.52)* |
| Frequency of listening to radio | ||||
| Never | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Less than once a week | – | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42)* | – | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42)* |
| At least once a week | – | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) | – | 1.07 (0.89, 1.27) |
| Frequency of watching TV | – | – | ||
| Never | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Less than once a week | – | 1.15 (0.93, 1.41) | – | 1.12 (0.91, 1.37) |
| At least once a week | – | 1.47 (1.17, 1.84)* | – | 1.40 (1.11, 1.75)* |
| Heard of FP from TV | – | – | ||
| No | – | 1 | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | – | 1.15 (0.94, 1.42) | – | 1.12 (0.91, 1.38) |
| Internet use | ||||
| Never | 1 | – | 1.00 | |
| Yes, last 12 months | – | 1.56 (1.17, 2.07)* | – | 1.55 (1.17, 2.05)* |
| Yes, before last 12 months | – | 2.05 (0.97, 4.36) | – | 1.99 (0.94, 4.26) |
| Residence | – | – | ||
| Rural | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| urban | – | – | 1.76 (1.37, 2.27)* | 1.30 (0.94, 1.80) |
| Community poverty | – | – | ||
| High | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| Low | – | – | 1.32 (1.06, 1.65)* | 1.13 (0.87, 1.47) |
| Contextual region | – | – | ||
| Metropolitans | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| Agrarian | – | – | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.02) |
| Pastoralist | – | – | 0.63 (0.46, 0.86)* | 0.80 (0.56, 1.15) |
| Big community health facility distance problem | – | – | ||
| Low | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| High | – | – | 1.04 (0.87, 1.25) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.46) |
| Community media exposure | – | – | ||
| Low | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| High | – | – | 1.06 (0.85, 1.33) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.28) |
| Community ANC utilization rate | – | – | ||
| Low | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| High | – | – | 1.06 (0.86, 1.29) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.22) |
| Community female education | – | – | ||
| Low | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| High | – | – | 1.13 (0.92, 1.40) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.09) |
| Community FP messages exposure | – | – | ||
| Low | – | – | 1 | 1.00 |
| High | – | – | 1.85 (1.45, 2.34)* | 1.52 (1.16, 2.0)* |
| Community FP utilization rate | ||||
| Low | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| High | – | – | 0.91 (0.77, 1.06) | 0.85 (0.70, 1.02) |
*
p-value < 0.05.