Table 1.
Quality evaluation of eligible studies based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
| References | Selection | Comparability | Outcomes |
Total scores |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Selection of the non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis | Assessment of outcome | Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur? | Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts | ||
| Madhi et al. (21) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Shinde et al. (22) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Hitchings et al. (23) | 1 | Nil | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Abu-Raddad et al. (24) | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Lopez Bernal et al. (25) | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Sansone et al. (26) | 1 | Nil | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Hall et al., (27) | 1 | Nil | 1 | Nil | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Jacobson et al., (28) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Haas et al. (29) | 1 | Nil | Nil | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Emary et al. (30) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Bailly et al. (31) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Cavanaugh et al. (32) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 7 |
| Kustin et al. (33) | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Magalis et al. (34) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| de Faria et al. (35) | 1 | Nil | Nil | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Irfan et al. (36) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 8 |
| Grant et al. (37) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Tang et al. (38) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Rovida et al. (39) | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Pouwels et al. (40) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Trunfio et al. (41) | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Heath et al. (42) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Yi et al. (43) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Chemaitelly et al. (44) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Li et al. (45) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 7 |
| Clemens et al. (46) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Thiruvengadam et al. (47) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Tenforde et al. (48) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Williams et al. (49) | 1 | Nil | Nil | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Lefèvre et al. (50) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Desai et al. (51) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Duerr et al. (52) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Bruxvoort et al. (53) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Hitchings et al. (54) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Dunkle et al. (55) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Ranzani et al. (56) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Dickerman et al. (57) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Vignier et al. (58) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Abu-Raddad et al. (59) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Reis et al. (60) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Olson et al. (61) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Collie et al. (62) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 7 |
| Eyre et al. (63) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 6 |
| Mor et al. (64) | 1 | Nil | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Nil | 1 | 6 |