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. 2022 May 18;13:863228. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863228

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Copyright © 2022 Chamberlain, O'Flaherty, Cobián and Barrangou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boxplots of specific metabolites. The data points are from the metabolomic data that were normalized and scaled to the median value for each compound. Boxplots for mevalonate, glutamine, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, fumarate, malate, and succinate are shown. L. acidophilus NCFM (Lac), L. crispatus NCK1351 (Lcr), L. gasseri NCK1342 (Lga), and L. rhamnosus GG (Lrh), SDM media alone (ctrl), SDM media with POM 400 μg/ml at T0 (pom0) and T16 (pom16). p-values are indicated as follows: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.005, ***p ≤ 0.0005, and they were determined by comparison to the control.