FIGURE 4.

Apoptotic miRNAs significantly altered in CTE, ALS, or CTE + ALS. MiR-34a-5p-5p was significantly upregulated in ALS alone. miR-16-5p and miR-100-5p were upregulated in CTE. MiR-30c-5p was upregulated in comorbid CTE + ALS. MiR-196a-5p and miR-30e-5p miRNAs were upregulated in both ALS and CTE + ALS. Let-7i-5p, miR-30d-5p, and miR-19-3p were upregulated in both CTE and CTE + ALS. Finally, miR-221-3p was upregulated in all three groups. Error bars denote standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to control group. Refer to Table 3 for statistical analyses between the pathologic groups and the control group.