Table 1. Meta-analysis of Outcomes Following SSB Taxes.

Outcome	No.			3-Level random-effects model
	Estimates	Articles	Tax policies	Pooled estimate (95% CI)	P value	Prediction interval	Q for heterogeneity	P value	Heterogeneity I2 (95% CI),	Publication bias
Price: tax pass-through, %	46	41	18	82.2 (66.2 to 98.3)	<.001	8.6 to 155.9	5635	<.001	99.2 (99.1 to 99.3)	None
SSB sales: % demand change	35	33	16	−14.6 (−20.4 to −8.8)	<.001	−37.6 to 8.4	709 742	<.001	100 (NA)	None
SSB sales: price elasticity	35	33	16	−1.59 (−2.11 to −1.08)	<.001	−3.94 to 0.75	122 929	<.001	100 (NA)	None
Sales, substitution beverages: cross-price elasticity	25	24	14	0.42 (−0.52 to 1.35)	.37	−3.69 to 4.52	1056	<.001	97.7 (97.3 to 98.1)	Yes
SSB consumption: % demand change	12	9	5	−18.1 (−37.6 to 1.5)	.07	−60.8 to 24.6	23	.02	52.9 (9.4 to 75.6)	Yes
SSB consumption: price elasticity	12	9	5	−3.78 (−8.86 to 1.30)	.13	−15.78 to 8.22	60	<.001	81.6 (68.9 to 89.1)	None
Consumptionof substitution beverages: cross-price elasticity	12	9	5	0.54 (−0.60 to 1.68)	.32	−1.70 to 2.79	21	.03	47.6 (0 to 73.1)	None

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages.