Table 2.
Gender role self-concept | Sex | N | Overall well-being | Engagement | Perseverance | Optimism | Connectedness | Happiness | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
Androgynous | Boys | 163 | 3.71a | 0.54 | 3.07a | 0.85 | 3.81a | 0.74 | 3.72a | 0.81 | 4.15a | 0.72 | 3.77a | 0.87 |
Girls | 216 | 3.78a* | 0.54 | 3.08a* | 0.80 | 3.93a* | 0.77 | 3.57a | 0.79 | 4.34a* | 0.68 | 3.86a* | 0.86 | |
Masculine | Boys | 128 | 3.26b | 0.53 | 2.61b | 0.85 | 3.29b,c | 0.85 | 3.25b | 0.83 | 3.85b | 0.68 | 3.32b | 0.91 |
Girls | 58 | 3.54b* | 0.53 | 2.79b* | 0.74 | 3.67b,c* | 0.83 | 3.41b | 0.88 | 4.19b* | 0.73 | 3.61b* | 0.80 | |
Feminine | Boys | 53 | 3.32b | 0.49 | 2.64b | 0.75 | 3.60b | 0.78 | 3.37b | 0.74 | 3.76b | 0.90 | 3.25b | 0.93 |
Girls | 121 | 3.48b* | 0.49 | 2.80b* | 0.77 | 3.62b* | 0.75 | 3.32b | 0.82 | 4.15b* | 0.77 | 3.47b* | 0.84 | |
Undifferentiated | Boys | 133 | 3.11c | 0.59 | 2.56b | 0.89 | 3.49c | 0.84 | 3.14c | 0.88 | 3.51c | 0.83 | 3.14c | 0.89 |
Girls | 124 | 3.22c* | 0.55 | 2.76b* | 0.80 | 3.71c* | 0.80 | 2.91c | 0.80 | 3.76c* | 0.86 | 3.18c* | 0.84 |
Means not sharing the same (a, b, c) superscripts within column are significantly different, with superscripts from a to c indicating scores from highest to lowest. An * indicates significant gender differences for each dimension with * being placed next to the higher mean.