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. 2022 May 25;15:100302. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100302

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — Proteomic characterization of patients with chronic hepatitis versus patients with chronic infection.(A) Heatmap of serum proteomic profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis and patients with chronic infection. (B) Volcano plot represented the up- or down-regulated protein abundance changes in the pooled serum between patients with chronic hepatitis and patients with chronic infection (1.2-fold change threshold and P < 0.05). (C and D) WikiPathways and GSEA analyses of 136 differentially expressed proteins were performed to evaluate enriched signaling pathways between the patients with chronic hepatitis and patients with chronic infection. (E) Heat map representation of differentially expressed proteins (fold change>1.8, P < 0.05) between patients with chronic hepatitis and patients with chronic infection. (F) Proteasome subunit alpha 7 (PSMA7) and proteasome activator subunit 1 (PSME1) expression in healthy controls and different disease phases of chronic HBV infection as assessed by ELISA. HC, healthy controls (black, n = 26); IT, immune-tolerant phase (red, n = 30); IA, immune reactive HBeAg-positive phase (blue, n = 33); IC, inactive HBV carrier state phase (orange, n = 32); ENH, HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B phase (green, n = 32). Each circle represents an individual sample. Data were presented as the mean ± SD. Unpaired t-test. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001.