TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics, reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis properties.
| Construct | M1 (S.D.)2 | Std. Loading (CFA)3 |
t-value | CR4 | Cronbach’s alpha | AVE5 | MSV6 |
| (1) Hospitality Work Environment | 0.927 | 0.925 | 0.586 | 0.279 | |||
| We1: Working conditions (i.e., equipment, lighting, ventilation…etc.) is poor and inappropriate. | 4.23 (0.955) | 0.745 | Fixed | ||||
| We2: Seasonality and job insecurity (difficulty to get a stable job in resorts). | 3.98 (1.136) | 0.742 | 15.338*** | ||||
| We3: Irregular and unsocial working hours, including shifts and work at night and weekends. | 4.46 (0.831) | 0.611 | 12.42*** | ||||
| We4: Shortage of staff which results in a work overload. | 4.02 (1.132) | 0.857 | 18.025*** | ||||
| We5: Lack of social support when needed. | 4.12 (0.990) | 0.732 | 15.098*** | ||||
| We6: A hostile work climate among colleagues (poor co-worker attitudes). | 4.01 (1.212) | 0.752 | 15.569*** | ||||
| We7: Absence of employee empowerment and participation. | 3.73 (1.296) | 0.825 | 17.257*** | ||||
| We8: Unfairly and inequality from managers/supervisors when dealing with staff. | 3.59 (1.369) | 0.845 | 17.734*** | ||||
| We9: Working under pressure with different cultures and nationalities. | 4.13 (1.045) | 0.750 | 15.530*** | ||||
| (2) Work-Family Conflict (WFC) | 0.861 | 0.895 | 0.674 | 0.279 | |||
| (a) Time-based Conflict | |||||||
| Wfc1: working in resorts keep employees from their family activities more than it should be. | 4.45 (0.754) | 0.824 | Fixed | ||||
| Wfc2: The long working hours/periods keep employees from participating equally in household responsibilities and activities. | 4.41 (0.772) | 0.848 | 18.878*** | ||||
| Wfc3: Employees have to miss their family activities due to the amount of time which should spend on work. | 4.42 (0.763) | 0.829 | 18.464*** | ||||
| (b) Strain-based Conflict | |||||||
| Wfc4: Working in resorts is a frazzle to participate in family activities/responsibilities. | 4.44 (0.727) | 0.817 | Fixed | ||||
| Wfc5: Employees are so emotionally drained when they get home from work that it prevents them from contributing to their family. | 4.42 (0.754) | 0.773 | 15.766*** | ||||
| Wfc6: Due to the work pressures, employees transfer their strain to their family | 4.27 (0.910) | 0.732 | 14.918*** | ||||
| (c) Behavior-based Conflict | |||||||
| Wfc7: The problem-solving behaviors used in the job are not effective in resolving problems at home. | 4.23 (0.886) | 0.761 | Fixed | ||||
| Wfc8: The commitment at work (i.e., shifting the work periods) would be counterproductive at home. | 4.38 (0.836) | 0.860 | 17.369*** | ||||
| Wfc9: Behavior that is effective and necessary for work does not help the employees to be better parents and spouses. | 4.34 (0.854) | 0.841 | 17.056*** | ||||
| (3) Turnover Intention | 0.897 | 0.893 | 0.745 | 0.249 | |||
| Ti1: Currently, I am really thinking of resigning from my present job in the resort. | 4.25 (0.934) | 0.763 | Fixed | ||||
| Ti2: Probably, I will try to find a new job next year or less. | 4.19 (0.909) | 0.918 | 19.453*** | ||||
| Ti3: If I have an option to choose again, I will opt to work in another job. | 4.22 (0.904) | 0.900 | 24.98*** |
M1 = Mean, (S.D.)2 = Standard Deviation, Std. Loading, (CFA)3 = Standardized Factor Loading, CR4 = Composite Reliability, AVE5 = Average Variance Extracted, MSV6 = Maximum shared variance. Model fit; x2 = 509.041 (df = 183) p < 0.001, x2/df = 2.782, Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) = 0.901, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) (0.942, Normed Fit Index (NFI) (0.912, Root Mean Square Residual (RMR) (0.048, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) (0.942, Relative Fit Index (RFI) (0.899, Root-Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) (0.066, ***p < 0.001.