(A and B) Richness of 2 independent cohorts of mice as represented by the number of distinct observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Mice in cohort 1 received enrofloxacin (Enro)-treated water or control (CTL) with mice housed 4 per cage (A) or 2 per cage (B).
(C and D) Mice in cohort 2 received broad-spectrum antibiotics (VAMN) in drinking water (or CTL) and were housed 4 per cage (C) or 2 per cage (D). Feces were collected upon arrival (T0), immediately after 1 week of exposure to antibiotics or CTL (T1), and 3 weeks after cessation of exposure (T2).
(E–H) Alpha diversity as estimated by the Shannon diversity index in cohort 1 for mice housed 4 per cage (E) or 2 per cage (F), and cohort 2 for mice housed 4 per cage (G) or 2 per cage (H). p values were obtained from the mixed effect models.