Table 1.
Incidence (the number of episodes during a given year/10 000 AIDP of healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in three hospitals located in different parts of Taiwan, 2000–2011
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NTUH | |||||||||||||
| AIPD | 624 675 | 631 401 | 672 676 | 629 618 | 720 781 | 722 913 | 711 357 | 709 485 | 723 255 | 751 326 | 763 772 | 723 505 | |
| S. aureus | 4·05 | 3·23 | 3·63 | 3·30 | 2·89 | 2·86 | 2·88 | 2·65 | 2·39 | 2·38 | 2·23 | 1·89 | <0·001 |
| MRSA | 2·79 | 2·50 | 2·82 | 2·30 | 2·11 | 2·09 | 2·09 | 1·79 | 1·47 | 1·33 | 1·24 | 0·90 | <0·001 |
| CoNS | 2·34 | 2·31 | 1·89 | 2·60 | 2·58 | 2·27 | 2·25 | 2·54 | 4·89 | 2·10 | 2·03 | 1·63 | 0·70 |
| Enterococci | 1·65 | 1·81 | 1·65 | 2·46 | 2·53 | 1·84 | 2·00 | 2·40 | 2·74 | 3·14 | 3·44 | 3·14 | <0·001 |
| E. coli | 2·07 | 2·07 | 1·95 | 1·94 | 1·71 | 2·21 | 2·60 | 2·40 | 2·89 | 3·21 | 2·95 | 3·34 | <0·001 |
| Klebsiella spp | 1·78 | 1·76 | 2·11 | 2·60 | 2·30 | 2·10 | 2·47 | 3·21 | 2·93 | 3·09 | 2·97 | 3·15 | <0·001 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 1·44 | 1·85 | 1·35 | 2·02 | 1·75 | 1·56 | 1·83 | 2·21 | 1·83 | 1·88 | 2·27 | 2·07 | <0·001 |
| Citrobacter spp. | 0·32 | 0·32 | 0·15 | 0·17 | 0·21 | 0·18 | 0·35 | 0·31 | 0·19 | 0·28 | 0·41 | 0·23 | 0·30 |
| Serratia spp. | 0·35 | 0·48 | 0·46 | 0·49 | 0·43 | 0·57 | 0·34 | 0·58 | 0·39 | 0·49 | 0·62 | 0·41 | 0·34 |
| P. aeruginosa | 1·58 | 1·63 | 1·31 | 1·56 | 2·11 | 1·62 | 1·70 | 1·99 | 1·81 | 1·72 | 1·54 | 1·17 | 0·60 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 2·69 | 2·41 | 2·22 | 3·02 | 2·39 | 2·66 | 2·32 | 2·89 | 2·71 | 3·29 | 3·21 | 2·68 | 0·002 |
| S. maltophilia | 0·78 | 0·79 | 0·70 | 1·10 | 1·10 | 0·80 | 0·45 | 0·87 | 0·82 | 0·92 | 0·88 | 0·44 | 0·13 |
| Other NFGNB* | 0·98 | 0·97 | 1·65 | 1·19 | 1·71 | 1·36 | 1·03 | 1·56 | 1·41 | 1·46 | 1·43 | 1·31 | 0·058 |
| Bacteroides spp. | 0·22 | 0·22 | 0·18 | 0·22 | 0·21 | 0·30 | 0·34 | 0·38 | 0·37 | 0·52 | 0·46 | 0·37 | <0·001 |
| Candida spp. | 3·57 | 3·71 | 3·29 | 4·02 | 3·57 | 3·11 | 2·85 | 3·27 | 3·39 | 4·06 | 3·72 | 4·23 | 0·080 |
| NCKUH | |||||||||||||
| AIPD | 282 926 | 278 558 | 291 660 | 278 339 | 295 228 | 292 128 | 289 803 | 292 128 | 320 915 | 320 859 | 339 133 | 344 605 | |
| S. aureus | 3·25 | 2·87 | 2·81 | 3·16 | 1·66 | 2·23 | 2·62 | 1·99 | 1·22 | 1·71 | 1·83 | 1·48 | 0·006 |
| MRSA | 2·47 | 2·15 | 1·85 | 2·37 | 1·15 | 1·54 | 1·48 | 1·20 | 0·75 | 0·93 | 1·06 | 0·78 | <0·001 |
| CoNS | 2·47 | 2·87 | 2·88 | 3·27 | 2·98 | 2·60 | 2·76 | 2·64 | 2·21 | 2·24 | 2·51 | 2·06 | <0·001 |
| Enterococci | 1·06 | 1·58 | 1·82 | 2·08 | 1·49 | 1·78 | 1·38 | 1·75 | 2·21 | 2·49 | 1·33 | 1·92 | 0·007 |
| E. coli | 1·56 | 1·97 | 1·34 | 1·90 | 1·25 | 1·68 | 1·66 | 1·78 | 1·78 | 1·65 | 1·68 | 1·86 | 0·029 |
| Klebsiella spp. | 1·31 | 1·62 | 1·71 | 2·19 | 1·29 | 2·05 | 1·79 | 2·36 | 2·52 | 2·15 | 1·74 | 1·60 | 0·46 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 1·56 | 2·01 | 1·47 | 1·98 | 1·29 | 1·78 | 1·62 | 1·40 | 1·18 | 1·40 | 1·33 | 1·13 | 0·062 |
| Citrobacter spp. | 0·14 | 0·11 | 0·17 | 0·40 | 0·07 | 0·10 | 0·17 | 0·14 | 0·25 | 0·31 | 0·29 | 0·20 | 0·004 |
| Serratia spp. | 0·60 | 0·75 | 0·51 | 0·36 | 0·27 | 0·34 | 0·21 | 0·31 | 0·44 | 0·16 | 0·35 | 0·32 | 0·12 |
| P. aeruginosa | 1·17 | 1·22 | 0·82 | 1·47 | 0·95 | 1·10 | 0·90 | 1·06 | 0·87 | 1·03 | 1·30 | 0·84 | 0·001 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 2·09 | 3·48 | 2·23 | 3·56 | 1·63 | 2·60 | 2·14 | 3·05 | 2·21 | 3·18 | 1·98 | 2·38 | 0·36 |
| S. maltophilia | 0·39 | 0·47 | 0·58 | 0·43 | 0·51 | 0·48 | 0·62 | 0·62 | 0·81 | 0·62 | 0·59 | 0·44 | 0·34 |
| Other NFGNB* | 0·99 | 1·18 | 1·13 | 1·51 | 0·78 | 1·20 | 0·72 | 1·57 | 0·90 | 1·15 | 0·91 | 0·70 | 0·22 |
| Bacteroides spp. | 0·46 | 0·11 | 0·27 | 0·18 | 0·03 | 0·17 | 0·10 | 0·17 | 0·12 | 0·19 | 0·24 | 0·17 | 0·11 |
| Candida spp. | 1·84 | 2·51 | 1·92 | 3·41 | 2·78 | 2·46 | 1·97 | 3·83 | 3·24 | 3·55 | 2·45 | 2·15 | 0·21 |
| KMUH | |||||||||||||
| AIPD | 331 301 | 344 125 | 346 188 | 345 853 | 414 173 | 420 601 | 383 796 | 409 444 | 416 788 | 404 333 | 417 525 | 434 153 | |
| S. aureus | 2·29 | 4·04 | 6·18 | 5·15 | 5·24 | 4·26 | 5·68 | 4·69 | 5·47 | 4·97 | 5·22 | 5·48 | <0·001 |
| MRSA | 1·15 | 2·03 | 3·09 | 2·57 | 2·63 | 2·14 | 2·84 | 2·34 | 1·87 | 1·98 | 2·01 | 2·33 | <0·001 |
| CoNS | 8·63 | 10·78 | 8·38 | 10·09 | 7·80 | 11·60 | 14·20 | 14·61 | 17·97 | 18·45 | 20·14 | 20·18 | 0·97 |
| Enterococci | 1·00 | 1·05 | 1·21 | 1·45 | 1·23 | 1·33 | 1·25 | 1·54 | 2·11 | 2·35 | 2·30 | 3·34 | <0·001 |
| E. coli | 7·70 | 8·14 | 8·49 | 8·88 | 7·94 | 10·89 | 11·99 | 12·19 | 11·80 | 12·93 | 12·19 | 11·91 | <0·001 |
| Klebsiella spp | 3·62 | 4·18 | 4·48 | 5·03 | 5·72 | 6·54 | 6·54 | 6·28 | 6·24 | 6·13 | 5·39 | 5·97 | <0·001 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 0·94 | 1·02 | 0·84 | 1·13 | 0·89 | 1·66 | 1·35 | 1·56 | 1·90 | 2·00 | 1·48 | 1·54 | <0·001 |
| Citrobacter spp. | 0·15 | 0·20 | 0·20 | 0·40 | 0·19 | 0·07 | 0·23 | 0·27 | 0·48 | 0·47 | 0·38 | 0·39 | <0·001 |
| Serratia spp. | 0·30 | 0·32 | 0·32 | 0·17 | 0·46 | 0·48 | 0·50 | 0·42 | 0·38 | 0·47 | 0·31 | 0·53 | 0·081 |
| P. aeruginosa | 1·81 | 1·86 | 1·79 | 1·88 | 1·76 | 2·02 | 2·14 | 2·15 | 2·14 | 2·32 | 1·96 | 2·07 | 0·070 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 0·72 | 1·02 | 1·07 | 1·39 | 1·30 | 1·28 | 1·25 | 1·76 | 2·30 | 2·47 | 1·89 | 1·47 | <0·001 |
| S. maltophilia | 0·24 | 0·46 | 0·32 | 0·49 | 0·48 | 0·76 | 0·99 | 0·56 | 1·78 | 1·48 | 0·65 | 0·85 | <0·001 |
| Other NFGNB* | 0·63 | 0·38 | 0·26 | 0·43 | 0·60 | 0·62 | 1·02 | 1·25 | 1·25 | 1·85 | 1·60 | 1·11 | <0·001 |
| Bacteroides spp. | 0·81 | 0·61 | 0·35 | 0·75 | 0·53 | 0·36 | 0·31 | 0·27 | 0·12 | 1·26 | 1·32 | 1·11 | <0·001 |
| Candida spp. | 2·78 | 2·91 | 0·78 | 2·28 | 0·80 | 0·90 | 1·69 | 1·44 | 2·76 | 4·15 | 2·35 | 3·09 | <0·001 |
AIPD, Annual inpatient-days; CoNS, coagulase-negative staphylococci; KMUH, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NCKUH, National Cheng Kung University Hospital; NFGNB, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli; NTUH, National Taiwan University Hospital.
*
Includes NFGNB other than P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp., and S. maltophilia.