Digestion of Cry2Aa1 protoxin and the mutant proteins by gut extract (A) and chymotrypsin (B). Samples (10 μg) of the protein were incubated with midgut extract at a 10:1 ratio (vol/vol) of protein solution to gut extract or with chymotrypsin (20% by mass). Lanes 1, molecular size markers. Even-numbered lanes show protoxins, as follows: lanes 2, Cry2Aa1; lanes 4, L144D; lanes 6, L144H; lanes 8, L144V; lanes 10, L144A; and lanes 12, L144G. Odd-numbered lanes show digestion products of the proteins after 1 h of incubation, as follows: lanes 3, Cry2Aa1 wild-type protein; lanes 5, L144D; lanes 7, L144H; lanes 9, L144V; lanes 11, L144A; and lanes 13, L144G.