Table 3.

Worldwide traditional utilization of Catharanthus roseus

Plant parts	Preparation/extraction form	Mode of administration	Diseases	Country	References
Leaves	Dried and boiled with water	Oral intake	Menorrhagia, Diabetes	Australia	[37, 38]
Root bark	Dried and boiled with water	Oral intake	Febrifuge	Australia	[37, 38]
Whole plant	Dried and boiled with water	Oral intake	Diabetes	Brazil	[39]
Aerial portion	Dried and boiled with water	Oral intake	Menstrual regulators	China	[40, 41]
Whole plant	Dried and boiled with water	Oral intake	Diabetes	England	[30, 41]
Leaves	Dried leaf decocted	Oral intake	Diabetes	Europe	[40]
Whole plant	Boiled with water	Oral intake	Anti- galactagogue	France	[30, 41]
Whole plant	Boiled with water	Oral intake	Cancer, Hodgkin’s disease, menorrhagia	India	[30, 40]
Whole plant	Boiled with water	Oral intake	Diabetes	Pakistan	[42]
Whole plant	Dried plant decocted	Oral intake	Diabetes, liver disease	Taiwan	[43]
Leafy stem	Boiled with water	Oral intake	Diabetes	West Indies	[41, 44]
Whole plant	Powdered and mixed with cow’s milk	Oral intake	Diabetes	India	[31]
Root	Root air-dried, ground, and decocted	Oral intake	Urogenital infections	South Africa	[31]
Whole plant	Boiled with water	Oral intake	Diabetes, Hypertension, Dysentery, Cancer	Vietnam	[31]