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. 2022 May 12;13:896353. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896353

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Two-step mechanism of NLRP3 activation. (A) TLR/IL1-R engagement leads to NF-κB activation driving transcriptional upregulation of inflammasome components (Signal 1). NLRP3 is then activated upon sensing unknown direct agonists (Signal 2), which can be (B) infectious, (C) sterile and can also be mediated through (D) exosomes.