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. 2022 Apr 17;13(4):10098–10110. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063652

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Effects of APN on fibrosis and inflammation in HELF cells. HELF cells were treated by TGF-β1 and different concentrations of APN. mRNA levels of (a) α-SMA, and (b) collagen I in cell were tested by qRT-PCR. (c) The protein levels of α-SMA and collagen I were tested by western blotting. Levels of (d) TNF-α, (e) IL-6, (f) IL-1β, and (g) IL-18 in cell were measured by ELISA. (h) The protein expression of cytokines was measured by western blotting. n = 3. * p < 0.05 vs. nontreated group. # p < 0.05 vs. TGF-β1-treated group.