Table 1.
Number of detections, concentration and distribution of endocrine disrupting chemicals.
| Abbreviation | LOD | Baseline (μg/24h) | Follow-up (μg/24h) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >LOD (n (%)) | Median [IQR] | >LOD (n (%)) | Median [IQR] | ||||
| Parabens | |||||||
| methyl paraben | MeP | 0.14 | 500 (100) | 12.25 (2.74; 44.84) | 500 (100) | 4.81 (1.71; 22.81) | <0.0001 |
| ethyl paraben | EtP | 0.09 | 470 (94) | 1.2 (0.35; 5.54) | 449 (90) | 0.76 (0.24; 2.75) | 0.0014 |
| propyl paraben | PrP | 0.07 | 377 (75) | 1.18 (0.08; 9.36) | 286 (57) | 0.21 (<LOD; 2.27) | <0.0001 |
| n-butyl paraben | n-BuP | 0.06 | 278 (56) | 0.07 (<LOD; 0.41) | 178 (36) | <LOD (<LOD; 0.09) | <0.0001 |
| benzyl paraben | BzP | 0.07 | 15 (3) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | 8 (2) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | |
| Bisphenols | |||||||
| bisphenol A | BPA | 0.22 | 399 (80) | 1.1 (0.31; 2.41) | 379 (76) | 0.77 (0.22; 1.72) | 0.0055 |
| bisphenol F | BPF | 0.23 | 276 (55) | 0.29 (<LOD; 0.81) | 263 (53) | 0.25 (<LOD; 0.77) | 0.8860 |
| bisphenol S | BPS | 0.06 | 65 (13) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | 88 (18) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | |
| Phthalates | |||||||
| mono-methyl phthalate | MMP | 0.43 | 351 (70) | 0.96 (<LOD; 2.02) | 311 (62) | 0.78 (<LOD; 1.83) | 0.9193 |
| mono-ethyl phthalate | MEP | 0.35 | 500 (100) | 50.46 (19.76; 148.62) | 500 (100) | 31.46 (14; 81.08) | <0.0001 |
| mono-iso-butyl phthalate | MiBP | 0.33 | 500 (100) | 19.93 (12.2; 34.55) | 500 (100) | 13.77 (8.59; 22.41) | <0.0001 |
| mono-n-butyl phthalate | MnBP | 0.22 | 500 (100) | 16.42 (10.46; 25.54) | 500 (100) | 12.53 (7.83; 18.95) | <0.0001 |
| mono-n-hexyl phthalate | MnHP | 0.12 | 288 (58) | 0.08 (<LOD; 0.14) | 230 (46) | <LOD (<LOD; 0.11) | 0.0620 |
| mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | MEHP | 0.07 | 500 (100) | 2.19 (1.34; 3.72) | 493 (99) | 1.28 (0.75; 2.23) | <0.0001 |
| mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate | MEHHP | 0.11 | 500 (100) | 8.81 (6.14; 13.67) | 500 (100) | 5.83 (3.95; 8.62) | <0.0001 |
| mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate | MEOHP | 0.09 | 500 (100) | 5.19 (3.61; 8.29) | 500 (100) | 3.52 (2.42; 5.41) | <0.0001 |
| mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate | MECPP | 0.25 | 500 (100) | 9.03 (6.31; 13.99) | 500 (100) | 5.75 (3.88; 9.07) | <0.0001 |
| mono-benzyl phthalate | MBzP | 0.22 | 500 (100) | 3.73 (2.28; 6.48) | 496 (99) | 2.02 (1.22; 4.09) | <0.0001 |
| mono-iso-nonyl phthalate | MiNP | 0.10 | 3 (1) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | 1 (0) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | |
| mono-iso-decyl phthalate | MiDP | 0.31 | 5 (1) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | 4 (1) | <LOD (<LOD; <LOD) | |
Abbreviations: LOD, limit of detection; IQR, inter-quartile range. LODs are expressed as ng/mL. Urinary concentrations of total excreted EDCs per 24h (μg/24h) were calculated by multiplying the measured EDCs (ng/mL) by the total urinary 24h volume (mL) and dividing the result by a factor 1000. Within-person differences were calculated using linear mixed effect models: “lme(EDC ~ time + (1|ID), data = data)”.