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Schematic diagram of the protective mechanism of the SGLT2 inhibitors in CI-AKI. Because dapagliflozin inhibits glucose uptake, which leads to decreased oxygen consumption in renal proximal tubular cells. Subsequently, dapagliflozin induced the increase of intracellular oxygen, which could regulate the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB pathway and inhibit the cells apop.
