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. 2022 Jun 3;7:171. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00971-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — The BCAA catabolic capability of ADSCs determined their adaptation and cardioprotective efficacy in the post-infarction heart. a Retention of ADSCs labeled by the cell tracker CM-DiI (red) was visualized by immunostaining of heart tissues 1, 3, and 7 d post-MI. Troponin T staining (green) indicates cardiomyocytes. Left panel, representative images; right panel, ratios of the number of engrafted ADSCs to the number of cardiomyocytes. ADSC-Ctrl ADSCs transfected with adenovirus carrying empty plasmids, ADSC-PP2Cm ADSCs transfected with adenovirus overexpressing PP2Cm, ADSC-BCKDK ADSCs transfected with adenovirus overexpressing BCKDK. b Top panel, representative echocardiographic images 28 d post-MI; bottom panel, quantification of LVEF at baseline and 7, 14, and 28 d after MI. c Representative images of TUNEL staining (top) and CD31 immunostaining in the infarct border zone 3-d post-MI (middle). Bottom panel, quantification of TUNEL and CD31 staining intensity. d Left panel, representative images of Masson’s trichrome stained tissue from the bottom to the apex of hearts 28 d post-MI. right panel, quantification values of infarcted area as determined with ImageJ software. e HW/BW ratios 28 d post-MI; f LW/BW ratios 28 d post-MI. The data are shown as the means ± SD. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test. ADSCs adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, AutoFluo autofluorescence, BCAA branched-chain amino acids, BCKDK BCKDHA kinase, HW/BW heart weight/body weight ratio, LW/BW lung weight/body weight ratio, MI myocardial infarction, PP2Cm mitochondrial matrix-targeted protein phosphatase 2C family member, TUNEL transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling