Table 4.
Comparison of two groups who never smoked vs. those who smoked/exposed.
| Variables | Smokers (n = 154) | Nonsmokers (n = 55) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean, SD) | 40.64 (11.43) | 37.55 (10.64) | 0.073 |
| Female/Male (n,%) | 19 (12.3%) 135 (87.7%) | 14 (25.5%) 41 (74.5%) | 0.030 |
| Episodic Cluster Headache (n,%) | 135 (87.7%) | 50 (90.9%) | 0.627 |
| Chronic Cluster Headache (n,%) | 19 (12.3%) | 5 (9.1%) | |
| Age at onset (years) (Mean, SD) | 28.66 (10.74) | 28.27 (8.84) | 0.795 |
| Age at correct diagnosis (years) (Mean, SD) |
33.84 (11.64) | 32.52 (9.71) | 0.411 |
| Family history with CH (n, %) | 17 (11.0%) | 2.0 (3.6%) | 0.169 |
| Family history with heart diseases (n,%) | 65 (42.2%) | 5 (9.1%) | <0.001 |
| Head trauma before the diagnosis (n,%) | 21 (13.6%) | 0.0 (0%) | 0.001 |
| NAS (Mean, SD) | 8.78 (1.3) | 8.58 (1.23) | 0.316 |
| Nasal congestion (n,%) | 92 (59.7%) | 23 (41.8%) | 0.027 |
| Pain location (behind eyes) (n,%) | 139 (90.3%) | 50 (90.9%) | 0.564 |
| Pain location (temple) (n,%) | 107 (69.5%) | 28 (50.9%) | 0.021 |
| Improvement with both O2 and triptan (n,%) | 62 (52.1%) | 14 (32.6%) | 0.033 |
n, number of subjects; SD, Standard deviation; CH, Cluster Headache; NAS, Numeric Analog Scale; O, Oxygen, bold means p < 0.05;
*
Unpaired t-test.