Table 2.
General characteristics and lifestyle factors between case and control groups.
| Variable | Normal SBP | High SBP | χ2/t | P | Normal DBP | High DBP | χ2/t | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||||
| Sex | Male | 680 | 60.61 | 442 | 39.39 | 0.045 | 0.831 | 708 | 67.43 | 342 | 32.57 | 5.841 | 0.016 |
| Female | 716 | 57.46 | 530 | 42.54 | 898 | 72.07 | 348 | 27.93 | |||||
| Age | 40–50 | 472 | 80.14 | 117 | 19.86 | 256.047 | <0.001 | 463 | 78.61 | 126 | 21.39 | 38.825 | <0.001 |
| 51–60 | 386 | 62.56 | 231 | 37.44 | 441 | 71.47 | 176 | 28.53 | |||||
| 61–70 | 325 | 49.24 | 335 | 50.76 | 417 | 63.18 | 243 | 36.82 | |||||
| Over 70 years old | 141 | 32.79 | 289 | 67.21 | 285 | 66.28 | 145 | 33.72 | |||||
| BMI | Normal | 920 | 63.84 | 521 | 36.16 | 71.252 | <0.001 | 1,097 | 76.13 | 344 | 23.87 | 77.862 | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 346 | 49.93 | 347 | 50.07 | 427 | 61.62 | 266 | 38.38 | |||||
| Obesity | 58 | 35.8 | 104 | 64.2 | 82 | 50.62 | 80 | 49.38 | |||||
| Waist, mean (SD) | 80.16 ± 7.90 | 83.03 ± 8.58 | −8.298 | <0.001 | 80.34 ± 8.10 | 83.77 ± 8.33 | −9.098 | <0.001 | |||||
| TC, mean (SD) | 4.77 ± 0.89 | 5.06 ± 0.94 | −7.342 | <0.001 | 4.81 ± 0.91 | 5.09 ± 0.93 | −6.663 | <0.001 | |||||
| TG, mean (SD) | 1.39 ± 0.79 | 1.69 ± 1.02 | −7.975 | <0.001 | 1.43 ± 0.81 | 1.72 ± 1.08 | −7.299 | <0.001 | |||||
| LDL, mean (SD) | 2.98 ± 0.79 | 3.18 ± 0.83 | −5.911 | <0.001 | 2.99 ± 0.80 | 3.24 ± 0.83 | −6.603 | <0.001 | |||||
| HDL, median (IQR) | 1.27 (0.38) | 1.23 (0.35) | 2.551 | 0.011 | 1.26 (0.37) | 1.24 (0.35) | 0.815 | 0.415 | |||||
| Family history | No | 1,121 | 63.33 | 649 | 36.67 | 119.568 | <0.001 | 1,317 | 74.41 | 453 | 25.59 | 74.94 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 182 | 32.91 | 371 | 67.09 | 271 | 54.31 | 228 | 45.69 | |||||
| Hyperlipidemia | 21 | 77.78 | 6 | 22.22 | 18 | 66.67 | 9 | 33.33 | |||||
| Education level | Primary education or below | 860 | 52.12 | 790 | 47.88 | 74.207 | <0.001 | 1,115 | 67.58 | 535 | 32.42 | 15.739 | <0.001 |
| Secondary education | 396 | 71.35 | 159 | 28.65 | 421 | 75.86 | 134 | 24.14 | |||||
| High school education or above | 68 | 74.73 | 23 | 25.27 | 70 | 76.92 | 21 | 23.08 | |||||
| Eat fried foods weekly | No | 513 | 56.07 | 402 | 43.93 | 2.242 | 0.326 | 668 | 73.01 | 247 | 26.99 | 6.85 | 0.033 |
| 1–4 times | 772 | 58.98 | 537 | 41.02 | 888 | 67.84 | 421 | 32.16 | |||||
| More than 5 times | 39 | 54.17 | 33 | 45.83 | 50 | 69.44 | 22 | 30.56 | |||||
| Eat dessert weekly | No | 408 | 55.97 | 321 | 44.03 | 3.669 | 0.16 | 540 | 74.07 | 189 | 25.93 | 11.929 | 0.003 |
| 1–4 times | 820 | 57.83 | 598 | 42.17 | 955 | 67.35 | 463 | 32.65 | |||||
| More than 5 times | 96 | 64.43 | 53 | 35.57 | 111 | 74.5 | 38 | 25.5 | |||||
| Daily iodized salt consumption | 3g or less | 79 | 75.24 | 26 | 24.76 | 84.713 | <0.001 | 88 | 83.81 | 17 | 16.19 | 69.182 | <0.001 |
| 4–6g | 909 | 63.26 | 528 | 36.74 | 1,074 | 74.74 | 363 | 25.26 | |||||
| 7g or above | 336 | 44.56 | 418 | 55.44 | 444 | 58.89 | 310 | 41.11 | |||||
| Smoking history | No | 893 | 55.02 | 730 | 44.98 | 15.855 | <0.001 | 1,125 | 69.32 | 498 | 30.68 | 1.051 | 0.305 |
| Yes | 431 | 64.04 | 242 | 35.96 | 481 | 71.47 | 192 | 28.53 | |||||
| Drinking history | No | 892 | 57.25 | 666 | 42.75 | 0.338 | 0.561 | 1,106 | 70.99 | 452 | 29.01 | 2.497 | 0.114 |
| Yes | 432 | 58.54 | 306 | 41.46 | 500 | 67.75 | 238 | 32.25 | |||||
| Exercise weekly | No | 882 | 59.12 | 610 | 40.88 | 4.928 | 0.085 | 1,050 | 70.38 | 442 | 29.62 | 0.816 | 0.665 |
| 1–3 times | 214 | 57.07 | 161 | 42.93 | 255 | 68 | 120 | 32 | |||||
| 4–7 times | 228 | 53.15 | 201 | 46.85 | 301 | 70.16 | 128 | 29.84 | |||||
| rs2472510 | TT | 623 | 27.13 | 421 | 18.34 | 4.139 | 0.126 | 752 | 32.75 | 292 | 12.72 | 8.615 | 0.013 |
| TG | 580 | 25.26 | 444 | 19.34 | 712 | 31.01 | 312 | 13.59 | |||||
| GG | 121 | 5.3 | 107 | 4.66 | 142 | 6.18 | 86 | 3.75 | |||||
| rs2515614 | AA | 615 | 26.79 | 421 | 18.34 | 3.185 | 0.203 | 744 | 32.4 | 292 | 12.72 | 8.084 | 0.018 |
| AC | 584 | 25.44 | 442 | 19.25 | 716 | 31.18 | 310 | 13.5 | |||||
| CC | 125 | 5.4 | 109 | 4.47 | 146 | 6.36 | 88 | 3.83 | |||||
| rs2297406 | CC | 720 | 31.36 | 557 | 24.26 | 2.621 | 0.27 | 884 | 38.5 | 393 | 17.12 | 1.834 | 0.4 |
| CT | 522 | 22.74 | 366 | 15.94 | 624 | 27.18 | 264 | 11.5 | |||||
| TT | 82 | 3.58 | 49 | 2.13 | 98 | 4.26 | 33 | 1.44 | |||||
| rs2472433 | CC | 415 | 18.07 | 293 | 12.76 | 1.331 | 0.514 | 508 | 22.13 | 200 | 8.71 | 1.893 | 0.388 |
| CT | 668 | 29.09 | 484 | 21.08 | 792 | 34.49 | 360 | 15.68 | |||||
| TT | 241 | 10.5 | 195 | 8.49 | 306 | 13.33 | 130 | 5.66 | |||||
SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.