Table 5.

Clusters identified in directed multimorbidity networks in different age groups.

Age Group	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	Cluster 4
Infant	Cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac-related diseases, liver disease, liver-related diseases, respiratory-related diseases
Child	Kidney disease, hypertension, PAD	Cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, HVD, cardiac-related diseases	Liver-related diseases, asthma, diabetes, respiratory-related diseases
Adolescent	Liver-related diseases, asthma, respiratory-related diseases	Cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, HVD, cardiac-related diseases	Diabetes, kidney disease, hypertension, PAD
Adult	Asthma, respiratory-related diseases	Liver disease, liver-related diseases	Diabetes, lupus, kidney disease, kidney-related diseases, hypertension	Atrial fibrillation, heart failure, HVD, cardiac-related diseases, lupus, stroke, PAD
Middle-Aged	Atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, HVD, cardiac-related diseases, stroke	Angina, CAD, heart failure, MI, stroke, TIA	Liver disease, liver-related diseases, asthma, diabetes, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cancer-related diseases, kidney disease, COPD, respiratory-related diseases, hypertension, PAD
Aged	Angina, CAD, MI	Atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, HVD, cardiac-related diseases, stroke, TIA	Asthma, diabetes, colorectal cancer, cancer-related diseases, COPD, respiratory-related diseases, hypertension, PAD
Elderly	Angina, CAD, MI, cardiac-related diseases	Asthma, diabetes, COPD, respiratory-related diseases, hypertension, PAD	Atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, HVD, stroke, stroke-related diseases, dementia, TIA