TABLE 4.
| References | Endpoint | Definition of Banff phenotype | Findings | Level of evidence (grade) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haas et al. (61) | AMR | C4d+ in early post-reperfusion biopsies | Predicts future AMR (n = 2 positive crossmatch patients with later AMR) | Low |
| Djamali et al. (62) | AMR | C4d+ in early post-reperfusion biopsies; mild to moderately sensitized transplant recipients | Predicts future AMR | Low |
| Kikic et al. (63) | Graft loss | Biopsies with C4d; 42% of patients in the C4d+ group were pre-sensitized; mean time to biopsy in C4d+ group 0.75 mo | C4d associated with graft loss independently of presence of histological features of AMR; HR 1.85 (p < 0.0001) | Low |
| Nickeleit et al. (64) | Benefit from antirejection therapy | C4d+ with mild allograft dysfunction and no histological evidence of rejection | C4d+ with mild allograft dysfunction and no histological evidence of rejection does not benefit from antirejection therapy | Low |
| Dickenmann et al. (65) | Improved function after treatment | C4d+ biopsies without other histopathological features of AMR | Function improves in this group after treatment | Low |
| Dominy et al. (66) | AMR | C4d+ without evidence of rejection; mild ATI at most | Rather than histological features or DSA, transcript analysis for AMR signature distinguishes minority at risk of subsequent AMR | Low |
AMR, antibody-mediated rejection; ATI, acute tubular injury; DSA, donor-specific antibody; HR, hazard ratio.