Table 4.

Multivariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors for PSE in stroke patients aged 19–44 years.

	Timing of PSE occurrence
	All			1 year			5 years
	aHR	95% CI	p	aHR	95% CI	p	aHR	95% CI	p
Seizure
Yes	57.39	43.02–76.55	<0.001	56.47	40.74–78.27	<0.001	54.76	40.74–73.61	<0.001
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Age (years)
19-34	1.00	Ref.	0.557	1.00	Ref.	0.840	1.00	Ref.	<0.619
35-44	1.07	0.86–1.34		1.03	0.77–1.38		1.06	0.84–1.35
NIHSS score
0–4	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
5–9	1.40	1.07–1.84	0.015	1.50	1.05–2.15	0.027	1.47	1.09–1.97	0.011
≥10	1.98	1.50–2.61	<0.001	1.97	1.36–2.84	<0.001	2.13	1.58–2.88	<0.001
Aphasia
Yes	1.77	1.20–2.60	0.004	1.93	1.17–3.17	0.010	1.866	1.23–2.80	0.003
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Vertigo/dizziness
Yes	0.70	0.44–1.09	0.117	0.61	0.31–1.20	0.153	0.79	0.49–1.27	0.332
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Length of hospital stay
<14 days	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
≥14 days	1.60	1.26–2.02	<0.001	1.57	1.15–2.16	0.005	1.67	1.29–2.16	<0.001
Recurrent stroke
Yes	2.32	1.85–2.90	<0.001	1.32	0.93–1.87	0.116	1.82	1.41–2.36	<0.001
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Hyperlipidemia
Yes	0.82	0.65–1.04	0.098	0.67	0.48–0.94	0.020	0.73	0.57–0.95	0.020
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Statin treatment
Yes	0.62	0.48–0.80	<0.001	0.46	0.31–0.68	<0.001	0.56	0.41–0.74	<0.001
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Malignancies
Yes	2.05	1.30–3.24	0.002	1.55	0.81–2.96	0.184	1.82	1.09–3.03	0.022
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Drug abuse
Yes	2.90	1.53–5.50	0.001	2.73	1.18–6.30	0.018	2.61	1.28–5.33	0.009
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Heavy drinking
Yes	1.17	0.52–2.63	0.708	1.33	0.49–3.60	0.578	1.35	0.60–3.06	0.465
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.
Tobacco smoking
Yes	0.88	0.28–2.78	0.824	0.88	0.21–3.65	0.857	0.59	0.17–2.05	0.407
No	1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.		1.00	Ref.