Table 2.

Degree of axial shortening according to some studies

Study	Axial shortening (mm)	Time	Number of subjects	Country or area	Age(y)	Inclusion criteria	Instrument
Gardner. et al. [8]	0.04	1 M	9	USA	11–15	−1.00 ~ − 4.00D	Lenstar
Ana González-Mesa. et al. [9]	0.157	1 M	34	Spain	18–30	−0.50 ~ − 4.50D	IOL-Master
António Queirós. et al. [10]	·approximately 0.02	1 W	62	Asian	5–19	− 1.00 ~ − 8.00D	IOL-Master
Lau, Jason K. et al. [11]	·approximately 0.25	1 W	25	Hong Kong, China	6–10	− 0.50 ~ − 4.00D	Lenstar
Lau, Jason K. et al. [12]	·0.26 ± 0.41	1 W	58	Hong Kong, China	6–10	− 0.50 ~ − 4.00D	Lenstar
Michael J Lipson. et al. [13]	0.01 ± 0.53	1Y	97	USA	7–14	− 1.00 ~ − 6.50D	A- scan
Helen A. Swarbrick. et al. [15]	0.04 ± 0.08	3 M	26	Australia	10–17	− 1.00 ~ − 5.50D	IOL-Master