Table 2.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| N = 320 | |
|---|---|
| Demographics at start of selected treatment episodea | |
| Age | |
| Mean ± SD | 29.3 ± 10.7 |
| Median | 26.9 |
| IQR | (19.3, 36.9) |
| Gender (%) | |
| Male | 65.0% |
| Female | 34.7% |
| Non-binary | 0.3% |
| Race (%) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1.3% |
| Asian | 8.4% |
| Black or African American | 11.3% |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0.0% |
| White or Caucasian | 76.9% |
| Other | 1.6% |
| Unknown | 0.6% |
| Ethnicity (%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 5.9% |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 91.3% |
| Unknown | 2.8% |
| Region of residence (%) | |
| Midwest | 27.8% |
| Northeast | 22.2% |
| South | 31.6% |
| West | 18.4% |
| Type of healthcare coverage (%) | |
| Commercial/private insurance | 76.9% |
| Medicare | 3.1% |
| Medicaid | 15.3% |
| Military insurance (VA or active military) | 2.8% |
| Other | 0.0% |
| No insurance | 1.3% |
| Unknown | 2.8% |
| Duration of treatment history available (%) | |
| 0–1 years | 12.2% |
| 2–3 years | 39.1% |
| 4–5 years | 22.5% |
| ≥ 5 years | 26.3% |
| Clinical disease characteristics | |
| Type of ADHD (%) | |
| Inattentive | 50.0% |
| Combined presentation | 42.2% |
| Hyperactive | 7.2% |
| Unknown | 0.6% |
| Age at first diagnosis (%) | |
| Child | 20.3% |
| Adolescent | 22.2% |
| Adult | 57.5% |
| Time from first diagnosis to treatment initiation (%) | |
| Less than 1 year | 12.5% |
| 1–5 years | 44.1% |
| 5–10 years | 17.8% |
| 10–15 years | 10.9% |
| ≥ 15 years | 14.7% |
| Overall disease severityb at time of treatment initiation (%) | |
| Mild | 11.3% |
| Moderate | 75.6% |
| Severe | 10.9% |
| Unknown | 2.2% |
| Most frequent comorbidities associated with ADHD (%) | |
| Anxiety | 31.6% |
| Depression | 14.1% |
| Insomnia/sleep disturbances | 10.9% |
| Emotional impulsivity/lability/dysregulation | 10.6% |
| Learning disability | 5.3% |
| Most frequent other comorbidities (%) | |
| Obesity | 6.6% |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 2.5% |
| Liver disease, mild | 1.6% |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.3% |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 1.3% |
ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, AE Adverse Event, SD Standard Deviation, IQR Interquartile Range, VA Veteran Affairs
a All patients were alive as of the date of chart abstraction
b Disease severity was determined by clinical judgement in 45% of physicians, and the remaining physicians reported using ADHD rating scales, including the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale (ACDS), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), ADHD Rating Scale IV and/or 5 (ADHD-RS-IV and/or ADHD-RS-5), Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS)