Table 3.
Baseline variables of biochemical markers, nutritional status and physiological self-reported conditions of athletes
| Genotype SOD3 | Genotype PPARα | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 47) |
Grape juice (n = 47) |
GG+CG (n = 12) |
CC (n = 35) |
CC+GC (n = 24) |
GG (n = 23) |
|
| Plasma biomarkers | ||||||
| TAC (%) | 27.9 ± 9.3 | 30.4 ± 10.6 | 30.2 ± 10.3 | 30.5 ± 10.9 | 29.4 ± 8.4 | 31.5 ± 12.7 |
| MDA (μmol/L) | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.3 |
| NO (μmol/L) | 11.4 ± 5.2* | 9.6 ± 4.4 | 9.3 ± 4.9 | 9.7 ± 4.2 | 9.5 ± 4.1 | 9.7 ± 4.7 |
| CK (U/L) | 175.5 ± 77* | 162.1 ± 55.4 | 155.6 ± 61.5 | 164.3 ± 53.9 | 169.8 ± 59.4 | 154.4 ± 51.4 |
| LDH (U/L) | 286.3 ± 44.6 | 293.5 ± 53.8 | 277.6 ± 60 | 299.1 ± 51.2 | 299.1 ± 46.9 | 287.9 ± 60.4 |
| Nutritional intake | ||||||
| Energy (kcal/kg/d) | 34.3 ± 13 | 31.9 ± 9.6 | 32.6 ± 14.5 | 31.7 ± 7.5 | 30.6 ± 10.3 | 33.3 ± 8.8 |
| carbohydrate (g/kg/d) | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.8* | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.5 | 4.0 ± 1.7 |
| Protein (g/kg/d) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| Fat (g/kg/d) | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 |
| Vitamin A (RE/d) | 1414 ± 4734 | 1154 ± 2421 | 647 ± 2521 | 1313 ± 2404 | 1038 ± 2.699 | 1269 ± 2162 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 110.6 ± 120 | 90.5 ± 101 | 110.3 ± 90 | 84.3 ± 105.6 | 65.3 ± 105.5 | 118 ± 92.1 |
| Vitamin D (mcg/d) | 7.1 ± 28.5 | 12.4 ± 35.8 | 13.3 ± 40.4 | 12.2 ± 34.9 | 11 ± 33.8 | 13.9 ± 38.8 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 19.9 ± 21.4 | 14.5 ± 13.4 | 13.4 ± 11 | 14.9 ± 14.3 | 15.1 ± 13.6 | 13.9 ± 13.4 |
| Cooper (mg/d) | 1.7 ± 4.0 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.9 |
| Selenium (μcg/d) | 76.2 ± 37.5 | 61.7 ± 43.9 | 66.5 ± 50.3 | 60.1 ± 42.2 | 64.9 ± 44.9 | 58.6 ± 43.7 |
| Manganese (mg/d) | 109.4 ± 5.1 | 111.6 ± 109.4 | 150.6 ± 105.7 | 99.3 ± 109.1 | 104.3 ± 104 | 118 ± 116.4 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 8.8 ± 5.1 | 8.0 ± 4.0 | 9.0 ± 3.4 | 7.6 ± 4.1 | 6.5 ± 3.3 | 9.6 ± 3.8* |
| Sleep, mood, general stress and physical recovery | ||||||
| Sleep (h/d) | 7.1 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.2 | 7.2 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.2* | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 1.0 |
| ESS-BR (score) | 5.4 ± 3.2 | 5.5 ± 3.1 | 5.1 ± 3.0 | 7.0 ± 3.3 | 6.6 ± 3.2* | 4.5 ± 2.7 |
| PTH (score) | 90.3 ± 15.2 | 90.8 ± 16.4 | 102 ± 21.5* | 86.9 ± 12.5 | 92.1 ± 17 | 89.5 ± 18 |
| Stress RESTQ-sport (score) | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 0.7 |
| Recovery RESTQ-sport (escore) | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.7 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.8 |
TAC Total Antioxidant Capacity, MDA malondialdehyde, TAC total antioxidant capacity, CK creatine kinase, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ESS-BR Epworth sleepiness scale-brazilian, PTH Perturbação Total de Humor, RESTQ-sport recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes. Data are presented as mean ± SD. (*) indicates statistical difference considering (p < 0.05) in the t test for independent samples