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. 2022 Jun 3;19:129. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02495-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Double-immunofluorescence of DKK3, Kremen-1, DVL-1, and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of sham and neuropathic pain rats. a Double-immunofluorescence of DKK3 and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of sham rats. b Double-immunofluorescence of DKK3 and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of SNI rats. c Double-immunofluorescence of Kremen-1 and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of sham rats. d Double-immunofluorescence of Kremen-1 and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of SNI rats. e Double-immunofluorescence of DVL-1 and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of sham rats. f Double-immunofluorescence of DVL-1 and NeuN, Iba1, GFAP in the spinal cord of SNI rats. g Histogram showed that DKK3 co-localization with NeuN, or Iba-1 was decreased in SNI rats (^**p < 0.01, ^****p < 0.0001 compared with sham group, n = 6 in each group). h Histogram showed that Kremen-1 co-localization with NeuN, or Iba-1 was decreased in SNI rats (^**p < 0.01, ^****p < 0.0001 compared with sham group, n = 6 in each group). i Histogram showed that DVL-1 co-localization with NeuN, or Iba-1 was decreased in SNI rats (^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 compared with sham group, n = 6 in each group)