Table 3.

The difficult, infit, outfit MNSQ and DIF of 15 items

Sub-Scales	Item	Item difficulta	Infit MNSQ	Outfit MNSQ	DIF contrast by professional titleb,c		DIF contrast by working placed,e
Nurses stigmatizing patients	I-1	−0.72	1.31	1.09	0.73	0.84	−0.54	−0.45
	I-2	1.07	0.93	1.40	−0.57	−0.52	−1.05	−0.28
	I-3	−1.35	0.83	1.40	−0.20	−0.11	−0.46	−0.27
	I-4	0.68	1.25	0.67	0.48	−0.11	0.27	0.96
	I-6	0.96	0.97	0.53	1.98	2.44	1.44	1.33
	I-8	−0.20	1.01	1.37	−0.76	0.02	1.78	1.36
	I-9	1.33	0.65	0.32	0.97	0.69	1.58	0.83
	I-10	0.33	1.07	1.05	−0.49	−1.02	0.86	0.17
Nurses being stigmatized	I-11	0.53	1.04	0.87	0.15	−0.30	0.19	0.00
	I-13	0.74	0.94	0.73	−0.75	0.37	−0.69	−0.29
	I-15	1.09	1.04	0.59	1.16	−0.03	−0.38	−0.64
	I-16	−0.51	1.00	0.94	0.67	1.24	0.17	0.06
	I-17	0.08	1.40	1.22	0.24	−0.69	0.31	−0.06
	I-18	−1.77	0.96	1.00	−0.33	−0.19	0.48	0.72
	I-19	−0.15	0.90	0.88	−0.64	−0.50	−0.55	−0.33

^aMeasured in logit; positive item logit indicates that the item requires a lower visual ability than the mean of the items and is an easier item; while a negative item logit indicates that the item requires a higher visual ability than the mean of the items and is a more difficult item; MNSQ mean square.

The DIF contrast by professional title in the following order:

^bNaïve nurses compared with experienced nurse.

^cNaïve nurses compared with charge nurse.

The DIF contrast by working place in the following order:

^dSevere COVID cases compared with Mild/moderate COVID cases.

^eSevere COVID cases compared with both.