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. 2022 Jun 3;16(1):284–295. doi: 10.1007/s40617-022-00720-w

Table 3.

Group Differences Based on Level of Education

Mean Standard Deviation F t DF p
Satisfied with search results
  Master’s* 2.35 0.50 1.43 −2.81 163 .006
  Doctorate 2.58 0.53
Satisfied with available research resources
  Master’s 2.27 0.66 2.39 −3.92 163 .000
  Doctorate 2.65 0.56
Skill in finding research
  Master’s 7.44 1.59 0.69 −4.41 163 .000
  Doctorate 8.55 1.63
Confidence in reviewing research
  Master’s 7.79 1.71 1.62 −4.63 163 .000
  Doctorate 9.01 1.65
Belief that reviewing research informs practice*
  Master’s 8.67 1.70 20.15 −4.26 140.29 .000
  Doctorate 9.53 0.81
Belief that reviewing research leads to answer/solution
  Master’s 7.18 1.62 2.25 −4.74 163 .000
  Doctorate 8.30 1.31
Research review frequency
  Master’s 2.43 0.84 0.02 −2.64 163 .000
  Doctorate 2.77 0.85

Equal variance could not be assumed, (Welch t’ test: F = 18.13, DF = 140.29, p ≤ .000)

*Master’s n = 94, Doctorate n = 79