Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants sorted by tertiles of TyG
| All participants | Q1 (< 7.96) | Q2 (7.96–8.57) | Q3 (> 8.57) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants (n) | 912 | 304 | 304 | 304 | |
| TyG index | 8.3 ± 0.7 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.2 | 9.0 ± 0.4 | < 0.001*** |
| Sex (n%) | < 0.001*** | ||||
| Males | 592 (64.9) | 128 (42.1) | 203 (66.8) | 261 (85.9) | |
| Females | 320 (35.1) | 176 (57.9) | 101 (33.2) | 43 (14.1) | |
| Age (years) | 51.1 ± 9.6 | 50.7 ± 10.1 | 51.6 ± 9.4 | 51.1 ± 9.2 | 0.493 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 21.8 ± 2.5 | 23.1 ± 3.3 | 24.5 ± 3.0 | < 0.001*** |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.2 ± 15.0 | 114.7 ± 13.9 | 120.9 ± 15.4 | 125.1 ± 13.7 | < 0.001*** |
| DBP (mmHg) | 76.1 ± 10.0 | 72.0 ± 9.4 | 76.4 ± 10.2 | 80.0 ± 8.7 | < 0.001*** |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 98.1 ± 14.1 | 92.2 ± 7.6 | 98.0 ± 10.4 | 104.0 ± 18.9 | < 0.001*** |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 1.3 | < 0.001*** |
| AST (IU/L) | 19.0 (16.0, 23.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 22.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 23.0) | 21.0 (17.0, 26.0) | < 0.001*** |
| ALT (IU/L) | 19.0 (14.0, 26.0) | 16.0 (12.8, 20.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 23.2) | 23.0 (18.0, 34.0) | < 0.001*** |
| γGTP (IU/L) | 19.0 (14.0, 28.0) | 14.0 (11.0, 19.0) | 18.5 (14.0, 26.0) | 25.0 (18.0, 43.0) | < 0.001*** |
| TC (mg/dL) | 209.8 ± 35.9 | 198.4 ± 33.9 | 208.0 ± 33.7 | 223.1 ± 35.8 | < 0.001*** |
| TG (mg/dL) | 99.9 ± 74.9 | 44.2 ± 12.3 | 81.8 ± 14.8 | 173.6 ± 87.3 | < 0.001*** |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.5 ± 14.6 | 62.0 ± 14.0 | 53.4 ± 13.1 | 45.2 ± 11.4 | < 0.001*** |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 128.1 ± 31.7 | 116.6 ± 29.2 | 130.4 ± 28.7 | 137.1 ± 33.5 | < 0.001*** |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 70.4 ± 12.0 | 73.5 ± 13.0 | 70.2 ± 11.4 | 67.6 ± 11.0 | < 0.001*** |
| Current smoker (n%) | < 0.001*** | ||||
| None or past | 715 (78.4) | 263 (86.5) | 233 (76.6) | 219 (72) | |
| Current | 197 (21.6) | 41 (13.5) | 71 (23.4) | 85 (28) | |
| Alcohol group (n%) | < 0.001*** | ||||
| 0–40 g/week | 594 (65.1) | 225 (74) | 194 (63.8) | 175 (57.6) | |
| 40–140 g/week | 150 (16.4) | 42 (13.8) | 59 (19.4) | 49 (16.1) | |
| 140–280 g/week | 88 (9.6) | 23 (7.6) | 33 (10.9) | 32 (10.5) | |
| > 280 g/week | 80 (8.8) | 14 (4.6) | 18 (5.9) | 48 (15.8) | |
| Regular exercise (n%) | 0.008** | ||||
| < 1/week | 735 (80.6) | 229 (75.3) | 247 (81.2) | 259 (85.2) | |
| ≥ 1/week | 177 (19.4) | 75 (24.7) | 57 (18.8) | 45 (14.8) | |
| Fatty liver (n%) | < 0.001*** | ||||
| None | 647 (70.9) | 274 (90.1) | 229 (75.3) | 144 (47.4) | |
| Moderate or severe | 265 (29.1) | 30 (9.9) | 75 (24.7) | 160 (52.6) | |
| Menopausal state (n%) | 0.071 | ||||
| Menopausal | 138 (43.1) | 86 (48.9) | 36 (35.6) | 16 (37.2) | |
| Postmenopausal | 182 (56.9) | 90 (51.1) | 65 (64.4) | 27 (62.8) | |
| ABI | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.001** |
| baPWV(cm/s) | 1415.8 ± 246.3 | 1350.7 ± 226.1 | 1424.5 ± 234.6 | 1472.1 ± 262.0 | < 0.001*** |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or n (%). Abbreviations: TyG index, triglyceride glucose index; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γGTP, gamma-glutamyl transferase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ABI, ankle-brachial index; baPWV, brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity. (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)