Fig. 6.

DYRK1A enhances EMT and the metastatic potential of HCC cells via TSC1/TGF-β/SMAD signalling. a HCC cells were serum-starved overnight, a scratch was created, and the cells were then incubated with 10 μM harmine and/or 10 ng/mL TGF-β for 6 h. Images were acquired under a microscope. b HCC cells were transfected with DYRK1A siRNA or control small interfering RNA for 24 h. HCC cells were serum-starved overnight and were then treated with DMSO or 10 ng/mL TGF-β for 6 h. Total protein was extracted from HCC cells, and western blot analysis was then performed. c Cells were serum-starved overnight and were then treated with harmine or 10 ng/mL TGF-β for 6 h. Western blot analysis was then performed. d and e The levels of the indicated proteins and the cell migration abilities were assessed in DYRK1A- or TSC1-depleted HCC cells. f The levels of the indicated proteins were assessed in DYRK1A overexpressed and/or TSC1-depleted HCC cells. g The levels of the indicated proteins were assessed in DYRK1A and/or TSC1 overexpressed HCC cells