Table 4.

Conjugation methods of the hapten–carrier protein used in LFA for phytoproducts

Coupling method	Reagent	Analyte	Carrier	References
Carbodiimide mediated method	CDI	Monocrotaline	HSA	[33]
	CDI	Kwakhurin	BSA	[102]
	CDI	(S)-Higenamine	Gamma globulin	[34]
	CDI	Amarogentin	HSA	[46]
	DCC	Glycyrrhizin	BSA	[97]
	EDC	Sennosides A and B	HSA	[96]
	EDC	Baicalin	BSA	[98]
	EDC	Mitragynine	OVA	[99]
	EDC	Salvinorin A	HSA	[100]
	EDC	Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine	BSA	[101]
	EDC	Aristolochic acid I	BSA	[47]
Mannich reaction	Formaldehyde	Miroestrol	OVA	[103]
	Formaldehyde	Isomiroestrol	Cationized OVA	[104]
Sodium periodate	NaIO4	Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1	HSA	[51]
	NaIO4	Glycyrrhizin	HSA	[89]
	NaIO4	Pseudojujubogenin glycosides	HSA	[90]
	NaIO4	Asiaticoside	HSA	[91]
	NaIO4	Mulberroside A	OVA	[92]
	NaIO4	Puerarin	BSA	[37]
	NaIO4	Daidzin and genistin	HSA	[93]
	NaIO4	Harringtonine	BSA	[45]
	NaIO4	Miroestrol and puerarin	HSA	[94]
	NaIO4	Saikosaponin d	BSA	[39]
	NaIO4	Rhein	OVA	[42]
	NaIO4	Colchicine	OVA	[44]

CDI carbonyldiimidazole, DCC N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, EDC 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, HSA human serum albumin, BSA bovine serum albumin, OVA albumin from egg white