Table 6.
Summary of the LFA used for plant secondary metabolites analysis
| Analyte | Format | Antibody | Reporter molecule | Reading method | Assay type | Detection range/detection limit | Confirmation method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 | Multiplex competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 2 μg/mL for both analytes | icELISA | [51] |
| Sennosides A and B | Multiplex competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 125 ng/mL for both analytes | icELISA | [96] |
| Glycyrrhizin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 250 ng/mL | icELISA | [89] |
| Glycyrrhizin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 20–50 ng/ml | icELISA | [97] |
| Pseudojujubogenin glycosides | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 125 ng/mL | icELISA | [90] |
| Asiaticoside | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 12.5 μg/ml | icELISA | [91] |
| Baicalin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 0.6 μg/mL | icELISA | [98] |
| Ginsenoside Re | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 200 µg/L | icELISA | [106] |
| Morphine | Sandwich | FAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | POCTER reader | Quantitative analysis | 1 ng/mL | Not mentioned | [58] |
| Mulberroside A | Competitive | pAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 2 µg/mL | icELISA | [92] |
| Puerarin | Competitive | mAb | Quantum dots | Strip reader | Qualitative and quantitative analysis | 1–10 μg/mL; 5.8 ng/mL | HPLC–UV | [37] |
| Daidzin and genistin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Semi-quantitative analysis | 125 ng/mL | HPLC–UV | [93] |
| Miroestrol | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 0.156 µg | icELISA | [103] |
| Harringtonine | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Semi-quantitative analysis | 39.1–313 ng/mL; 313 ng/mL | icELISA | [45] |
| Monocrotaline | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 0.61 ng/mL | icELISA | [33] |
| Mitragynine | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation; Photo analysis software | Qualitative analysis | 1 mg/mL of mitragynine by visual assessment and 0.60 mg/mL by Image J analysis | icELISA, HPLC–UV | [99] |
| Salvinorin A | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 0.625 µg/mL | icELISA | [100] |
| Miroestrol and puerarin | Multiplex competitive | pAb (puerarin); mAb (miroestrol) | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | Detection limits of miroestrol and puerarin are 0.15 μg and 4.5 μg, respectively | icELISA | [94] |
| Saikosaponin d | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Strip reader | Quantitative analysis | 96 ng/mL–150 µg/mL | icELISA | [39] |
| Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Strip reader | Qualitative and quantitative analysis | 0.16–5 μg/mL | icELISA | [101] |
| Icariin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative and quantitative analysis | 500 ng/ml | icELISA | [40] |
| Isomiroestrol | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 7.0 µg/mL | icELISA | [104] |
| Triptolide | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 1 μg/mL | LC–MS/MS | [38] |
| Aristolochic acid I | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 0.25 μg/g | Not mentioned | [47] |
| Aconitine | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 10–25 ng/mL | Not mentioned | [29] |
| Rhein | Competitive | pAb IgY antibody | Quantum dots | Fluorescence-strip reader | Quantitative analysis | 80–5000 ng/mL; 98.2 ng/mL | HPLC–UV | [42] |
| Kwakhurin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Qualitative analysis | 160 ng/mL | HPLC–UV | [102] |
| (S)-Higenamine | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation; Photo analysis software | Semi-quantitative analysis | 156 ng/mL | icELISA, HPLC–UV | [34] |
| Amarogentin | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation | Semi-quantitative analysis | 31.25–500 ng/mL; 250 ng/mL | icELISA | [46] |
| Colchicine | Competitive | mAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation; Handheld strip scanning reader | Quantitative analysis | 1–25 ng/mL in milk, 2.5–50 ng/mL in beef, 1–25 ng/mL in edible lily, and 2.5–25 ng/mL in daylily | HPLC-TOF | [44] |
| Deoxymiroestrol | Competitive | FAb | Colloidal gold nanoparticles | Visual observation; photo analysis software | Qualitative analysis | 250 ng/mL | icELISA | [64] |