Table 3. Regression Coefficients Showing Association Between Mild and Major Depression with 10-Year ASCVD Risk in People Aged 40–79 y, by Age and Sex, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018.

Characteristic	Depressiona				P value trend
	Mild	P value	Major	P value
Women, age, y
All ages	0.91 (0.64 to 1.19)	<.001	1.65 (1.27 to 2.02)	<.001	.002
40–49	0.39 (0.12 to 0.67)	.006	0.96 (0.57 to 1.35)	<.001	.03
50–59	1.05 (0.54 to 1.56)	<.001	1.41 (0.90 to 1.93)	<.001	.33
60–69	1.53 (0.80 to 2.26)	<.001	2.69 (1.70 to 3.69)	<.001	.04
70–79	0.68 (−0.37 to 1.72)	.20	3.18 (1.61 to 4.75)	<.001	.009
Men, age, y
All ages	1.23 (0.63 to 1.83)	<.001	1.39 (0.72 to 2.07)	<.001	.70
40–49	0.51 (0.02 to 1.00)	.04	1.53 (0.65 to 2.41)	.001	.05
50–59	2.49 (1.40 to 3.58)	<.001	1.83 (0.71 to 2.94)	.002	.42
60–69	1.62 (0.19 to 3.05)	.03	0.45 (−0.96 to 1.85)	.53	.20
70–79	−1.12 (−2.69 to 0.45)	.16	1.67 (−0.05 to 3.39)	.06	.02

Abbreviation: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

^a Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Depression is categorized as not depressed (score, 0–4), mild depression (score, 5–9) and major depression (score, ≥10). To improve model specification, all models include centered age and centered age squared. Estimates for ages 40–79 additionally include a cubed centered age term. Data are from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Coefficients represent the increase in absolute 10-year ASCVD risk relative to the no depression group.