Table 2.

Characteristics of typical evaluation methods for cell activity

Index	Method	Advantages	Limitations	Refs.
DNA synthesis rate	[3H]‐TdR	Objective, reproducible, accurate	Expensive, radioactive, contamination risk, cell damage	[118]
	BrdU	High accuracy	Destroys the DNA double‐strand structure	[119]
	EdU	Rapid, no DNA denaturation, no additional protease treatment	Requires fluorescent microscopy or flow cytometry	[120]
Metabolic activity	MTT	High efficiency, simple, suitable for mass detection	Not applicable to suspended cells	[91]
	XTT MST‐1 CCK‐8	Reaction product is water‐soluble, suitable for cell suspensions, high efficiency	Expensive, Instability of the XTT aqueous solution	[121, 122, 123]
	AB	High specificity and sensitivity, repeatability	Requires training, expensive	[124]
Cell apoptosis	Annexin V‐PI double stain	Effective, rapid, easy to use	Expensive reagents	[123]
MMP	Fluorescent dye probe	Sensitivity of Rhod 123 and JC‐1	Not suitable for in situ analysis	[125]