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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 19.
Published in final edited form as: Risk Manag Insur Rev. 2021 Nov 19;24(4):341–365. doi: 10.1111/rmir.12195

Table 4:

Bivariate Comparison of Knowledge of GINA and Concern of Genetic Discrimination

Highest subjective GINA knowledge
(1-7 Likert)
M (95% CI)
Highest objective GINA knowledge
(% correct of 7 questions)
% (95% CI)
Occupation
Science Non-scientists 3.39 (3.25, 3.54) Scientists 4.70 (4.33, 5.07) Non-scientists 37.7 (35.7, 39.6) Scientists 40.6 (36.2, 44.9)
t(853)=−6.56, p<0.001 t(853)=−1.12, p=0.133
Health care Non-Health 3.50 (3.36, 3.63) Health workers 4.01 (3.63, 4.39) Non-Health 37.7 (35.8, 39.6) Health workers 40.2 (35.5, 44.9)
t(853)=−2.47, p=0.007 t(853)=−0.95, p=0.172
Law Non-law 3.49 (3.34, 3.63) Law 4.59 (4.59, 1.84) Non-law 37.7 (35.9, 39.6) Law 42.0 (36.5, 39.8)
t(853)=−4.27, p<0.001 t(853)=−1.29, p=0.10
Military Non-Military 3.03 (2.93, 3.13) Military 3.04 (2.74, 3.34) Non-Military 36.7(35.2, 38.1) Military 37.1 (33.3, 40.8)
t(1614)=−0.05, p=0.48 t(1613)=−0.17, p=0.432
 
Genetic Testing History
DTC Testing Not tested 2.80 (2.70, 2.90) Tested 4.19 (3.93, 4.45) Not tested 35.7 (34.2, 37.2) Tested 41.9 (39.1, 44.8)
t(1614)=−11.0, p<0.001 t(1613)=−3.35, p<0.001
Offered Genetic Testing Not offered 2.45 (2.36, 2.55) Offered 4.27 (4.10, 4.44) Not offered 35.1 (33.4, 36.8) Offered 40.2 (38.1, 42.3)
t(1614)=−19.2, p<0.001 t(1613)=−3.48, p<0.001
Completed Genetic Testing Not completed 2.72 (2.62, 2.82) Completed 4.50 (4.27, 4.73) Not completed 35.5 (34.0, 37.0) Completed 42.4 (39.6, 45.2)
t(1614)=−14.7, p<0.001 t(1613)=−3.77, p<0.001
Completed Diagnos. Testing Not completed 4.27 (3.95, 4.58) Completed 5.08 (4.77, 5.38) Not completed 37.5 (33.5, 41.6) Completed 42.5 (39.0, 46.0)
t(275)=−3.6, p<0.001 t(274)=−1.83, p=0.034
Completed Pred. Testing Not completed 4.54 (4.21, 4.86) Completed 4.97 (4.57, 5.38) Not completed 43.4 (39.0, 47.8) Completed 39.8 (35.3, 44.4)
t(184)=−1.68, p=0.047 t(184)=1.07, p=0.142
Genetic Condition Self No condition 2.95 (2.85, 3.05) Gen Condition 3.64 (3.33, 3.95) No Condition 36.0 (34.6, 37.4) Gen Condition 42.1 (38.1, 46.1)
t(1614)=−4.49, p<0.001 t(1613)=−2.80, p=0.003
Genetic Condition Family No condition 2.92 (2.82, 3.02) Gen Condition 3.57 (3.32, 3.82) No Condition 36.1 (34.6, 37.6) Gen Condition 39.5 (36.4, 42.5)
t(1614)=−5.03, p<0.001 t(1613)=−1.80, p=0.036
 
Insurance Status
Denied Insurance Not Denied 2.92 (2.82, 3.02) Denied 4.13 (3.78, 4.47) Not Denied 36.1 (34.6, 37.5) Denied 42.9 (38.9, 46.9)
t(1614)=−7.25, p<0.001 t(1613)=−2.85, p=0.002
Current health insurance Individual 3.87 (SD 2.03) No Insurance 2.52 (SD 1.59) Government 2.48 (SD 1.74) Individual 39.9 (SD 25.2) No insurance 31.6 (SD 29.8)
Bonferroni p<0.001 Bonferroni p=0.019
Group Ins. 3.29 (SD 2.03) Individual 3.87 (SD 2.03) Government 2.48 (SD 1.74)
Bonferroni p<0.001
*

Shaded gray =statistically significantly higher