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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Aging Health. 2022 Apr 14;34(3):460–471. doi: 10.1177/08982643221085818

Table 2.

Percent of Older Adults who experienced Discriminationa

African American Black Caribbean Non-Latino White Total Sample
Mean % Who experience discrimination Mean % Who experience discrimination Mean % Who experience discrimination Mean % Who experience discrimination
Major Discrimination b
Unfairly fired 0.17 17.24 0.16 16.08 0.14 14.48 0.16 15.64
Not been hired for a job 0.21 21.09 0.27 26.67 0.12 12.21 0.16 16.16
Denied Promotion †† 0.21 20.70 0.21 20.83 0.12 11.81 0.16 15.66
Stopped, searched, questioned, physically threatened or abused by police ††† 0.19 19.47 0.15 15.37 0.08 8.42 0.13 13.09
Discouraged from continuing education 0.09 9.10 0.12 11.54 0.06 5.76 0.07 7.29
Prevented from moving into a neighborhood ††† 0.09 8.53 0.09 8.57 0.01 1.42 0.04 4.49
Neighbors made life difficult †† 0.08 8.14 0.03 3.24 0.05 4.59 0.06 5.99
Denied bank loan ††† 0.14 13.72 0.12 11.65 0.02 1.50 0.07 6.67
Received poor service 0.15 14.89 0.15 15.27 0.10 10.39 0.12 12.34
Everyday Discrimination
Treated with less courtesy 2.18 65.72 2.16 64.56 1.79 59.83 1.96 62.36
Treated with less respect 2.10 61.26 2.04 58.86 1.74 48.65 1.90 54.05
Poor restaurant service 1.96 56.25 1.90 54.77 1.53 41.28 1.71 47.72
Not smart 2.12 57.66 2.31 67.47 1.75 47.54 1.92 52.19
Being feared 1.68 39.73 1.99 42.90 1.38 28.11 1.52 33.24
Being dishonest 1.72 40.35 1.61 38.93 1.33 27.37 1.49 32.95
Not as good as others 2.33 61.25 2.59 67.52 1.99 58.67 2.14 59.95
Insulted 1.56 36.32 1.59 36.18 1.50 35.64 1.52 35.93
Harassed 1.38 28.48 1.44 31.60 1.34 31.54 1.36 30.30
Followed in stores 1.78 42.40 1.83 47.00 1.19 18.21 1.45 28.76
Everyday Discrimination Summary Variables
Sum of Any Everyday Discrimination 8.76 9.40 5.53 6.95
Sum of Any Everyday Racial Discrimination 5.70 6.06 0.81 2.96
Sum of Any Everyday Other Discrimination 1.93 2.80 2.99 2.55
a

Percentages are weighted and frequencies are unweighted.

b

The major discrimination variables are dichotomous. Consequently, the means and the percentages are equal.

p < 0.05;

††

p < 0.01;

†††

p < 0.001 for % who experience