Fig. 2 |. Mice with T cell-specific PPARγ deficiency largely phenocopy obese PPARγ-sufficient mice upon experimental AD challenge.

a, Heat map of PPARγ activity (ChIP–seq cistrome expression) using UMAP visualization of scRNA-seq data of T_conv cells from Fig. 1f. b, Violin plots representing T cell-PPARγ cistrome expression across distinct Leiden clusters from lean and obese mice. c, Change in ear thickness during MC903-induced AD development of PPARγ-TKO or control mice. d, Representative images of ears of mice as in c on day 10. e, Representative H&E ear histology of mice as in c on day 10. Dashed line highlights leukocytic expansion of dermis. Original magnification, ×200. f, Total cytokine-competent CD4⁺ T cell numbers assessed by flow cytometry from whole ear of mice as described in c on day 11. g, Distribution of T_conv cells in UMAP space (Fig. 1f) from lean control and PPARγ-TKO mice after AD challenge. Contour lines are set at identical thresholds. Borders of T_H2 and T_H17 late clusters are outlined. T_H17 late contour defined as in Fig 1h. h, T_H17 cluster continuous probability density curves of control and PPARγ TKO, scaled by sample. i–k, Change in ear thickness (i), representative images from day 10 (j), and representative H&E ear histology from day 11 (k; original magnification, ×100), of control or PPARγ-TKO mice with induced AD and treated with anti-IL-4/IL-13 or isotype control. l, Representative epidermal pustules (arrows) of PPARγ-TKO mice with induced AD and treated with anti-IL-4/IL-13. Original magnification, ×400. m, Lesional CD4⁺ T cell numbers with indicated cytokine competence. n, Proposed PPARγ function as focusing factor for T_H2 responses in vivo. Control, Cd4^cre; PPARγ TKO, Cd4^crePparg^fl/fl. Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 5 (c–e); n = 7 (f) except n = 4 for IL-17A/F-competent T cells; n = 1 (pooled from 5 mice per group) for scRNA-seq (g, h), run with Fig. 1 samples (batch 1 in Methods, ‘scRNA-seq’); n = 6 (i–l) except n = 5 for PPARγ TKO + isotype control; n = 3 (each pooled from 2 mice) (m). Data are mean ± s.e.m. Only peak values were tested with Welch’s t-test in (c, i). P values adjusted for multiple comparisons using Holm-Šídák method (f). Mann–Whitney U test (h). ^#P < 0.07, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.