Table 2.

Group II using the method of acute shortening in the case of consequences of trauma

	Authors, publication date	Number of patients	Aetiology of the soft tissue defect	Defect closure method (shortening, angulation, rotation, combined)	Area of the soft tissue defect	Deformity correction method	The need for microsurgical intervention	Time of fixation in the ExFix	Size of the bone defect	Restoration of anatomy and function of the limb	Complications
1	Bundgaard and Christensen, 2000	1	Open fracture of Gustillo type IIIB, subsequent infection	Acute shortening 3 cm and subsequent gradual shortening (1–2 mm per day) with angulation (4° per day)	10 × 15 cm	Correction of the angulation and lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus	None	357 days	9 cm	Anatomy: complete restoration of limb length Function: limited range of motion in the ankle joint (Ext/Flex—5/15°)	Were not observed
2	Nho et al., 2006	1	Open fracture of Gustillo type IIIA, subsequent infection	Acute shortening and angulation	2.5 × 2.5 cm	Angulation correction and lengthening by the TSF	None	7 months	6 cm	Anatomy: complete restoration of limb length Function: return to previous activity level	No data
3	Rozbruch et al., 2006	25	Infectious consequences of open fractures type Gustillo II—2, Gustillo IIIA—5, Gustillo IIIB—14, Gustillo IIIC—4; flap problem—2	Acute shortening for defects <3 cm, and gradual shortening for defects >3 cm (monofocal, bifocal and trifocal approach)	The mean size—10.1 (2–25) cm	Lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus—23 Deformity correction with Taylor spatial frame—2	Autodermaplastic	10–82 weeks	The mean size—6 (2–14) cm	Anatomy: residual deformity—7	Inflammation in the TE area—11
4	El-Rosasy, 2007	21	Open fracture of Gustillo type IIIA/B—10, infected non-union—11	Acute shortening to safe limits and subsequent gradual shortening of 2–3 mm per day	No data	Lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus for defects >5 cm Lengthening with Orthofix apparatus for defects <5 cm	Autodermaplastic—2 Rotated flap—1	3.5–11.6 months	The mean size—4.7 (3–11) cm	Anatomy: complete restoration of limb length—13, residual shortening—8	Refracture—1 Temporary paralysis of the peroneal nerve—1 Equinus contracture—1 Inflammation in the TE area—5 Flexion contracture of the knee joint—3
5	Gulsen and Özkan, 2009	3	Open fracture of Gustillo type IIIB—2, infected non-union—1	Gradual shortening and/or angulation	5 × 4 cm, 15 × 10 cm	Correction of the angulation and lengthening the Ilizarov apparatus	None	182–392 days	The mean size—7.5 (4–11) cm	Anatomy: excellent—3, residual shortening—1 Function: excellent—2, satisfactory—1	No data
6	Demir et al., 2009	8	Infected non-union	Acute shortening	No data	Lengthening with monolateral ExFix—7 Ring ExFix—1	None	9.6 (6–16) months	8.6 (6–10) cm	Anatomy: amputation—1, residual shortening—3, full recovery—4 Function: excellent—1, good—6	Inflammation in the TE area—6, delayed consolidation—1, stiffness of the ankle joint—3, equinus contracture—1, destabilization of the apparatus—1, deep infection of TE—1, uncontrolled infection—1
7	Lahoti et al., 2013	7	Open fracture of Gustillo type IIIB—5, infected non-union—2	Acute shortening—1 Angulation—3 Acute shortening and angulation—1 Acute shortening, angulation and rotation—2	3–10 cm	Deformity correction by the TSF	None	6–9.5 months	No data	Anatomy: complete restoration of limb length	Inflammation in the TE area—1
8	Atbasi et al., 2014	17	Infected non-union—16, open fracture—1	Acute shortening	The mean size—7 × 6.8 (3 × 3–10 × 10) cm	Lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus	No data	3–12 months	1–6 cm	Anatomy: excellent—11, good—3, bad—3 Function: excellent—10, good—4, satisfactory—3	Refracture—1, amputation—1, inflammation in the TE area—2
9	Minoughan et al., 2019	1	Open fracture of Gustillo type II, subsequent infection	Acute shortening and angulation	1 × 3 cm	Deformity correction by the TSF	None	24 weeks	No data	Anatomy: complete restoration of limb length Function: return to the previous activity level	No data