Table 4.
Fatty infiltration measurement outcomes for individual studies
| Citation |
Fat Infiltration Qualitative/Quantitative Classification system |
Divided into compartments Yes/No |
|---|---|---|
| Agten et al., 2017 [68] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Belzunce et al., 2020 [53] |
Quantitative Ratio of muscle and fat value pixels |
N |
| Belzunce et al., 2021 [91] |
Quantitative Ratio of muscle and fat value pixels |
N |
| Berber et al., 2015 [122] |
Qualitative similar to G |
N |
| Bravo et al., 2013 [90] |
Quantitative Skeletal muscle lipid concentration (g /100 mL) |
N |
| Bremer et al., 2011 [93] |
Qualitative Similar to G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AMP |
| Burian et al., 2020 [54] |
Quantitative Using a water-fat separation algorithm |
N |
| Chi et al., 2015 [72] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Cowan et al., 2019 [19] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AP |
| De Anta-Diaz et al., 2016 [94] |
Qualitative Grade 1: no fat or mild atrophy Grade 2: moderate or severe fatty atrophy |
N |
| Ebert et al., 2019 [71] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AMP |
| Engelken et al., 2014 [42] |
Qualitative G & Q |
N |
| Kawasaki et al., 2017 [75] |
Qualitative Q |
N |
| Kheterpal et al., 2020 [44] |
Qualitative G & Q |
N |
| Kim et al., 2014 [74] |
Qualitative Similar to G |
N |
| Kivle et al., 2018 [67] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AMP |
| Klemt et al., 2021 [120] |
Qualitative G & Q & Bal and Lowe classification |
N |
| Koch et al., 2021 [26] |
Quantitative Pixel intensity values from the fat only images and the water only images Muscle fat index = fat/(fat + water) |
Y Gmed: AMP Gmin: AP |
| Kovalak et al., 2018 |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Makridis et al., 2014 [127] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Marcon et al., 2016 [89] |
Quantitative Fat Signal Fraction % = 100 × fat /(water + fat) |
N |
| Muller et al., 2010 [56] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmin: AMP |
| Muller et al., 2011a[58] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AMP |
| Muller et al., 2011b [57] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AMP |
| Peiris et al., 2020 [46] |
Qualitative Grade 0: no fat infiltration grade 1: 1–10% fat infiltration grade 2: 11–50% fat infiltration grade 3: > 50% fat infiltration |
N |
| Pfirrmann et l., 2005 [69] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed & Gmin: AMP |
| Ruckenstuhl et al., 2020 [49] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Rykov et al., 2021 [92] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Sutter et al., 2013 [85] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Takada et al., 2018 [80] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Takada et al., 2021 [81] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Thaunat et al., 2018 [96] |
Qualitative G |
Y Gmed: AMP |
| Tran et al., 2021 [121] |
Quantitative Intramuscular lipid concentration |
N |
| Unis et al., 2013 [87] |
Qualitative Presence/absence |
N |
| Vasarhelyi et al., 2020 [48] |
Quantitative Muscle/fat intensity scores |
N |
| von Roth et al., 2014 [60] |
Quantitative % fat content: “…the quotient of the number of fat-value-pixels and the number of fat-value-pixels added to the number of muscle-value pixels.” |
Y Gmed: AMP |
| Winkler et al., 2018 [61] |
Quantitative % fat content = ratio of pixels of fat-value and muscle value pixels |
N |
|
Zacharias et al., 2016 [22] Zacharias et al., 2018 [21] |
Qualitative G |
N |
| Zhao et al., 2020 [47] |
Qualitative G |
N |
AMP equal Anterior, Middle and Posterior thirds, AP equally divided into Anterior and Posterior, FSF Fat Single Fraction, G Goutallier classification, Gmax Gluteus maximus, Gmed Gluteus medius, Gmin Gluteus minimus, GSF Greater Sciatic Foramen, GT Greater Trochanter, Ifat Mean signal fat intensity, Iwater Mean signal water intensity, N No, Q The Quartile classification, TFL Tensor Fascia Latae, Y Yes